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Animations DirectInput

The document discusses frame-based animation and DirectInput for processing keyboard and mouse input. It explains that animations are composed of frames, with each frame containing a sprite and frame time. Keyboard and mouse input can be read using DirectInput by getting the device state and buffered input.

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TỮ NGUYỄN TRIỆU
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40 views32 pages

Animations DirectInput

The document discusses frame-based animation and DirectInput for processing keyboard and mouse input. It explains that animations are composed of frames, with each frame containing a sprite and frame time. Keyboard and mouse input can be read using DirectInput by getting the device state and buffered input.

Uploaded by

TỮ NGUYỄN TRIỆU
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Animations &

DirectInput
Objectives
 Understand frame-based animation
 Create a simple asset management
framework
 Process keyboard events with DirectInput
Animations
What is sprite?
 A sprite is a two-dimensional image or
animation that is integrated into a larger
scene. (Wikipedia)
Draw a portion (sprite) of a texture

DrawSpritesImmediate
Draw a portion (sprite) of a texture
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Draw a portion (sprite) of a texture

sprite.TexCoord.x = rect->left / (float)tex->getWidth();


sprite.TexCoord.y = rect->top / (float)tex->getHeight();

spriteWidth = (rect->right - rect->left + 1);


spriteHeight = (rect->bottom - rect->top + 1);

sprite.TexSize.x = spriteWidth / (float)tex->getWidth();


sprite.TexSize.y = spriteHeight / (float)tex->getHeight();
Transparent sprites
Pixel format

R G B A R G B A R G B A

Each channel will be mapped to 0.0f – 1.0f instead of integer value

0-255 – 8bits

Alpha : how transparent that pixel should be.


1.0f = completely opaque
0.0f = completely transparent

NOTE: Usually, each color channel use 8-bits but it could be different in
other image format

Most popular format: R8G8B8A8


Transparent sprites
Color blending
Final color = src_color * src_factor OP dest_color * dest_factor

src_color : the color to be draw (r,g,b)


src_factor : the “adjustment” applied to the source color
dest_color: the color already exists at the target
dest_factor : the “adjustment” applied to the destination color
OP : the operation (like + , - , * etc)

ALPHA BLENDING

F = src_color * src_alpha + dest_color * (1 - src_alpha)

For example: src_alpha = 0.7

That means: the final color is made up of 70% of the source color and 30% of the
destination color
Animation example

Frame 1

t
Animation example

Frame 2

t
Animation example

Frame 3

t
Animation example

Frame 1

t
Animation example

Frame 2

t
Animation example

Frame 3

t
Animation example

Frame 1

t
What is an animation?
 An animation is a set of frames displayed in a
specific order
 Animation = array of frames
 A frame = a sprite ?
 A frame = a sprite + frame time: a time period to
display that sprite before switching to next frame
(frame time, is usually the same on all frames)
 A sprite is a portion of an image
 top, left, right, bottom
 An image is a texture
Important classes
 CTexture : warpper to ID3D10TEXTURE
 CTextures : to store all textures in our game
 CSprite: store a sprite
 CSprites: store all sprites in our game
 CAnimationFrame: an animation frame =
sprite + frame time
 CAnimation = array of frames
 CAnimations = all animations in our game
unordered_map
You can think of it as a generic dictionary. You
can find a value given a key
unordered_map<int, LPTEXTURE> textures
Key type is: int
Value type is: LPTEXTURE (texture)
Usage:
textures[100] = texBrick;
texBrick = textures[100];
DirectInput
Keyboard
 DirectInput8Create
 LPDIRECTINPUT8::CreateDevice
 GUID_SysKeyboard
 LPDIRECTINPUTDEVICE::SetDataFormat
 c_dfDIKeyboard
 LPDIRECTINPUTDEVICE::Acquire
 GetDeviceState
 GetDeviceData
 LPDIRECTINPUTDEVICE::Unacquire
Keyboard

int InitKeyboard(HINSTANCE hInstance, HWND hWnd) {


HRESULT result;
result = DirectInput8Create(hInstance, DIRECTINPUT_VERSION,
IID_IDirectInput8, (void**)&dinput, NULL);
if (result!=DI_OK)
return 0;

result = dinput->CreateDevice(GUID_SysKeyboard, &didev, NULL);


...

result = didev->SetDataFormat(&c_dfDIKeyboard);

result = didev->SetCooperativeLevel(hWnd, DISCL_FOREGROUND |


DISCL_NONEXCLUSIVE);

result = didev->Acquire();

return 1;
}
Keyboard

#define KEYDOWN(name, key) (name[key] & 0x80)


// 0x80 = 1000 0000

...

char keys[256];
didev->GetDeviceState(sizeof(keys),&keys);

if (KEYDOWN(keys, DIK_ESCAPE))
PostMessage(hWnd,WM_DESTROY,0,0);

if (KEYDOWN(keys, DIK_HOME))
...

Where to find all the keyboard constants?

DirectX Input/Direct Input/Reference/Device Constants


Keyboard
didev->GetDeviceState(sizeof(keys),&keys);

keys[27]

0 1 2 27 255

A X X X X X X X

AND
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Keyboard
didev->GetDeviceState(sizeof(keys),&keys);

UP

DOWN
t
GetDeviceState
Buffered input

// Initialize
// The buffer size is a DWORD property associated with the
device.
DIPROPDWORD dipdw;
dipdw.diph.dwSize = sizeof(DIPROPDWORD);
dipdw.diph.dwHeaderSize = sizeof(DIPROPHEADER);
dipdw.diph.dwObj = 0;
dipdw.diph.dwHow = DIPH_DEVICE;
dipdw.dwData = KEYBOARD_BUFFER_SIZE;
_Keyboard->SetProperty( DIPROP_BUFFERSIZE, &dipdw.diph );
Buffered input
// Handle key press event
// NOTES: Buffered input is like an Event

// Get all events (also clear them from DirectInput buffer)


DWORD dwElements = KEYBOARD_BUFFER_SIZE;
HRESULT hr = _Keyboard-
>GetDeviceData( sizeof(DIDEVICEOBJECTDATA), _KeyEvents,
&dwElements, 0 );

// Scan through all data, check if the key is pressed or


released
for( DWORD i = 0; i < dwElements; i++ )
{
int KeyCode = _KeyEvents[i].dwOfs;
int KeyEvent = _KeyEvents[i].dwData;
if ( (KeyEvent & 0x80) > 0)
//Process key DOWN event
else
//Process key UP event
}
Keyboard
GetDeviceData

KeyDown

UP
KeyUp

DOWN
t

GetDeviceData
Windows vs DirectX

GetAsyncKeyState vs GetDeviceState
WinProc vs GetDeviceData
Mouse
 DirectInput8Create
 LPDIRECTINPUT8::CreateDevice
 GUID_SysMouse
 LPDIRECTINPUTDEVICE::SetDataFormat
 c_dfDIMouse
 LPDIRECTINPUTDEVICE::Acquire
 GetDeviceState
 LPDIRECTINPUTDEVICE::Unacquire
Mouse
...
DIMOUSESTATE mouse_state;
dev_mouse->GetDeviceState(sizeof(mouse_state),&mouse_state);

struct DIMOUSESTATE {
LONG lX; // distance movement of X
LONG lY; // distance movement of Y
LONG lZ; // distance movement of mouse
wheel
BYTE rgbButtons[4]; // mouse button state
};

How do I know the CURRENT cursor position?


vy

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