Systems

Engineering
 Design
for
Operational
Feasibility
 DESIGN FOR OPERATIONAL
FEASIBILITY

1. Design for Reliability

2. Design for Maintainability
3. Design for Usability (Human Factors)
4. Design for Producibility, Disposability and
Sustainability
5. Design for Logistics & Supportability
6. Design for Affordability (Life Cycle Costing)
 DESIGN FOR PRODUCIBILITY,
DISPOSABILITY & SUSTAINABILITY
INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES:
1. Understand and appreciate opportunities for
addressing producibility, disposability and
sustainability as an important aspect of system life
cycle engineering.
● technological & ecological factors promoting
“”green engineering”’
● producing for environmental quality and the
importance of technological and ecological service
in achieving “green engineering” and sustainability.
 DESIGN FOR PRODUCIBILITY,
DISPOSABILITY & SUSTAINABILITY
INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES:
● the role of environmentally conscious design
and manufacturing (ECDM) in advancing environmental
sustainability.
● difference in impact when producibility,
disposability and sustainability are considered
internalities, externalities or both;
● manufacturing, remanufacturing and de-
manufacturing issues as they arise during the system
life cycle, with emphasis on the retirement, recycling and
disposal of subsystems, components and material
elements.
 DESIGN FOR PRODUCIBILITY,
DISPOSABILITY & SUSTAINABILITY
INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES:
● some quantitative measures for production
and production progress and the factors to be considered
for design of producibility
● Anticipated benefits to be realized from
integrating sustainability into production,
utilization, phase-out and disposal
● Life-cycle cost and benefits as they relate to
total system value, along with discussion of the
often hidden source of these costs and benefits.
 DESIGN FOR PRODUCIBILITY,
DISPOSABILITY & SUSTAINABILITY
Producibility, Disposability and
Sustainability:
● Production is internal to the producer and not
directly visible to the customer
● Disposability & sustainability are directly visible
externalities of keen interest in society.
● Keywords are “efficient & green”
 DESIGN FOR PRODUCIBILITY,
DISPOSABILITY & SUSTAINABILITY
The Overarching Prominence of Sustainability in
the System Life-Cycle:

- Sustainability is shown conceptually as a higher level

consideration, subsuming production, utilization &
disposal processes insofar as environmental impacts are
concerned.
 DESIGN FOR PRODUCIBILITY,
DISPOSABILITY & SUSTAINABILITY

I. Technological & Ecological Services:

● Technological services - generally involve
the substitution of energy for human effort .
● Ecological services –are the functions of
ecosystems that people desire including the
maintenance of atmospheric balance, carbon
storage, flood control, production of food and
fiber, and maintenance of air and water
quality.
 DESIGN FOR PRODUCIBILITY,
DISPOSABILITY & SUSTAINABILITY

II. Factors Promoting Green Eng’g:

● Green – is not a goal that can be achieved easily.
● It should be a goal of producers to continuously
reduce the environmental impact of products,
production operations, utilization & disposal
practices.
 DESIGN FOR PRODUCIBILITY,
DISPOSABILITY & SUSTAINABILITY

● Drivers of “green engineering”:

 competitive differentiation
 customers consciousness
 regulatory pressures
 profitability improvement
 international standards
 DESIGN FOR PRODUCIBILITY,
DISPOSABILITY & SUSTAINABILITY

III. Ecology-based Manufacturing:

● Ecology-based manufacturing is a new concept
that aims to harmonized design for
manufacturability with the global ecology.
● An ecology-based manufacturing system’s
(also called eco-factory) basic requirements
are:
 low energy consumption
 limited use of scarce natural
resources
re-cycling & re-use
 DESIGN FOR PRODUCIBILITY,
DISPOSABILITY & SUSTAINABILITY
Producibility, Disposability & Sustainability in the
System Life Cycle:
● The major areas of consideration in the design of
a system or a product and in the implementation of
the system engineering process is characterized
by:
 utilization
 re-use
 renewal
 disposal
 DESIGN FOR PRODUCIBILITY,
DISPOSABILITY & SUSTAINABILITY

● Concurrent Life Cycle Relationships

- there are four (4) life cycles that make up a
system:
 designing the product for
producibility and disposability
 design of the production or
construction process
 design of the maintenance &
support processes
 design of the renewal, re-use,
disposal capability
 DESIGN FOR PRODUCIBILITY,
DISPOSABILITY & SUSTAINABILITY

● Environmentally Conscious Design and

Manufacturing (ECDM):
- an evolutionary design paradigm that starts
with the consideration of environmental impacts
caused by products and product related
processed, during the design and process design
stage.
 DESIGN FOR PRODUCIBILITY,
DISPOSABILITY & SUSTAINABILITY

Design for Producibility:

● Producibility is a more comprehensive term than
manufacturability. It includes not only ease of
manufacturing, but also the ability of the
manufactured entity to be packaged, transported
and delivered to the point of use in a timely manner.
 DESIGN FOR PRODUCIBILITY,
DISPOSABILITY & SUSTAINABILITY

● Classification of manufacturing processes:

 forming processes
 deforming processes
 removing processes
 joining processes
 material properties modification processes
 DESIGN FOR PRODUCIBILITY,
DISPOSABILITY & SUSTAINABILITY

● Manufacturability Principles:
 Use gravity
 Use fewer parts
 Design for ease of fabrication
 Reduce non-standard parts
 Add more functionality per part
 DESIGN FOR PRODUCIBILITY,
DISPOSABILITY & SUSTAINABILITY

● Reuse, Remanufacturing, Recovery

 Reuse is the highest form of waste reduction
 Remanufacturing is the refurbishing or
partial rebuilding of a product returned from
the customer at the end of its life with the
objective of giving it the functionality equivalent of a
new product
 Recovery from products to obtain raw materials
of reusable components.
 DESIGN FOR PRODUCIBILITY,
DISPOSABILITY & SUSTAINABILITY

Design for Disposability:

● A green product maybe defined as one that, at
the ultimate end of its useful life, passes through
disassembly and other reclamation processes to
enable reuse of non-hazardous and renewable
materials.
 DESIGN FOR PRODUCIBILITY,
DISPOSABILITY & SUSTAINABILITY

Design for Sustainability:

● A sustainable production is the creation of
manufactured products that use processes that
are non-polluting, conserve energy & natural
resources and are economically sound and safe
for employees, communities &
consumers.
 DESIGN FOR PRODUCIBILITY,
DISPOSABILITY & SUSTAINABILITY
● Metrics for sustainability:
 Resources – includes depletion, degradation, and
utilization efficiency
 Product – includes design, durability, useful life, quality,
packaging
 Employment – includes health, safety, security & worker
satisfaction
 Economic – includes value added by investment and
production ethics
 Society – includes community development &
social impacts
 Environment – includes waste production,
emissions & acoustics
 Infrastructure – includes transport ease, &
communications