GIS

8
GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
SYSTEM
Digitizing Map Data
GROUP
(QGIS3)

MINGHSIN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

CIVIL ENGINEERING AND
ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATICS 2022/2023
 MEMBER OF GROUP

Ravil Kalsah 高入斐

A10230005 Lylogrethzeel
Alodjaha 莉蘿
A10230031
Yunus Bernadus Ena
佑努斯 Avilla Martha Anmuni
A10230019
瑪塔
ZA1123005
Rozy Pratama 羅希
ZA1123006
A. Defenition and The Purpose of Digitization
Digitization in general can be defined as the process of converting analog data into a digital
format. Certain objects such as roads, houses, rice fields and others that previously in raster
format On a high-resolution satellite imagery can be converted into a digital format by the
digitization process. Digitization is an attempt to describe the condition of the earth into a flat
plane in a computer. Or it can be referred to as converting hardcopy map data into softcopy.
The map data source for digitization is divided into several parts, including the following :
raster image, manual data and Gps.
The type of digital data itself usually consists of two types, namely
 Vector Data
Vector data is data obtained in the form of point coordinates that display, place and store spatial data by
means of points, lines or areas (polygons). There are three types of vector data shapes (points, lines, and
polygons) that can be used to display information on a map.
 Raster Data
The data is divided in small plots, each of which has a specific character (color, intensity, pattern,
texture). The magnitude of the map depends on the resolution of the image, which in this case depends on
the original media (the face of the earth, map, or photo) and its recording device (satellite, digital camera,
or scanner). Spatial analysis can be handled more easily on raster maps, but the cartographic side is not
Take the raster file by screenshot and take the coordinates from google earth pro by
clicking the pin on google earth pro and note the coordinates x (Easting) & y (Northing)
in excel.
Click the layer and then click georeferencer
Click the file and then click open raster and input raster file
Click transformation settings
Then input transformation type : Polynomial 1 and CRS : EPSG:32648 -WGS84 / UTM 48N
Click Add Point then input coordinate X and Y from excel in 4 point.
Add OpenStreetMap
Right-click the State Polytechnic of Bengkalis Modified layer and choose Properties.
 In the Layer Properties dialog, Choose the Pyramids tab. Select all the resolutions
offered in the Resolutions panel then click Build pyramids.
Once the process finishes, the dialog box will show the pyramids without a cross. This
indicates the Image Pyramids build is completed. Click OK.
Before we start, we need to set default Digitizing Options. Go to Settings  Options….
Before we start, we need to set default Digitizing Options. Go to Settings  Options….
Start digitizing create a road layer and digitize the roads around the area. Click Layer 
Create Layer  New GeoPackage Layer
In the New GeoPackage Layer dialog, click the … (browse) button and save a new
GeoPackage database named digitizing.gpkg. Choose the Table name as Roads and
select LineString as the Geometry type. The base topographic map is
the EPSG:32648 - WGS84 / UTM 48N CRS.
Since this is a road layer, we additionally will have two primary attributes - Name and Class.
In New Field Enter Name of the type Text data, with 50 as Maximum length and click Add to
attribute list. Then create a new attribute Class of the type Text data, with 50 as Maximum
length. Click OK
Once the Roads layer is loaded, click the Toggle Editing button to put the layer in editing mode.
Click the Add Line Feature button.
Click on the map canvas to add a new vertex. Add new line along with the road feature.
After digitized a road segment, right-click to end the feature. We will get a pop-up dialog
called Road - Feature Attributes. Skip entering any value for fid as it is a sequential id that
will be autogenerated. Enter the road name as Jl. Bathi Alam and click on the class fill main
Roads and click OK.
The Default style of the new line layer is a thin line. We change it to better digitized features
on the canvas. Select the Roads layer and click Layer Styling Panel.
In the Layer Styling Panel, search different road layer styles. Select topo road. Click OK. Now
the road layer will be clearly visible. If we already satisfied with the work, click Save Layer
Edits button to save the changes.
Before we digitize the remaining roads, it is essential to update some other important snap
settings to create an error-free layer. Right-click on any space on the toolbar area and activate
the Snapping toolbar.
Now an Enable Snapping (Magnet Icon) will appear on the panel. Click on it to enable it
and select All Layers and choose Open Snapping Options...
In the Snapping options dialog, click the Snapping on Intersection, which
allows you to snap on an intersection of a background layer.
Now you can click Add feature button and digitize other roads around the area of State
Polytechnic of Bengkalis. Make sure to click Save Edits after adding a new feature to save
your work. A helpful tool to help you digitize is the Vertex Tool. Click the Vertex Tool button
and select Vertex Tool (Current Layer).
Once the node tool is activated, click on any feature to show the vertices. Click on any vertex
to select it. The vertex will change the color once it is selected. Now we can click and drag
mouse to move the vertex. This is useful when we want to make adjustments after the feature
is created. You can also delete a selected vertex by clicking the Delete key. (Option +
Delete on a mac)
Once you have finished digitizing all the roads,
click the Toggle Editing button. Click Save.
Now we will create another layer to digitize the parks as polygons. Click Layer  Create Layer  New
GeoPackage Layer… icon from Panels. In the New GeoPackage Layer dialog, click the … (browser) button
and select the GeoPackage database named digitizing.gpkg. Name the new layer as an attribute called
Campus. Select MultiPolygon as the Type. The base topographic map is the EPSG: 32648 – WGS84 CRS. In
New Field Enter Name, and the type as Text data, with 50 as Maximum length and click Click OK.
A pop-up dialog will appear. Select the Add New Layer button.
Now select layer Campus then click Toggle Editing and click the Add feature button then click on the map canvas to add
a polygon vertex. Digitize the polygon representing the campus. Make sure we snap to the road’s vertices so there are no
gaps between the campus polygons and road lines. Right-click to finish the polygon then Enter the campus name in
the Campus - Feature Attributes pop-up.
.
Now digitize the other area of the campus then enter the Campus
name and save the changes.
Now, before digitizing the inner polygon lets set settings that can ease this work. Multi-
Polygon layers offer another useful setting called Avoid intersections of new polygons.
Select Enable Snapping (Magnet Icon), click on it to enable it, and click layer and
select Advanced Configuration.
Click the Avoid Overlap on Active layers button in the snapping
toolbar.
Now in Edit Advanced Configuration, select the Units as pixels.
Check the box in the Avoid Overlap column in the row for the Campus layer.
Click on Add feature to add a polygon. With the Avoid Overlap, you will be able to quickly
digitize a new polygon without worrying about snapping exactly to the neighboring polygons.
Right-click to finish the polygon and enter the attributes. Magically the new polygon is shrunk
and snapped exactly to the boundary of the neighboring polygons . This is very useful when
digitizing complex boundaries where you need not be precise and still have topologically
correct polygon. Click Toggle Editing to finish editing the Campus layer.
Now it is time to digitize a buildings layer. Create a new polygon layer named Buildings by
clicking Layer  Create Layer  New GeoPackage Layer… icon from Panels. Set
the Buildings and Muilti Polygon. Choose the CRS as EPSG: 32648 – WG. Click OK.
Once the Buildings layer is added, turn off the Campus and Roads layers to make the base topo
map visible. Select the Buildings layer and click Toggle Editing.
Digitizing buildings can be a cumbersome task, and also, it is challenging to add vertices
manually so that the edges are perpendicular and form a rectangle. We will use a QGIS toolbar
called Shape Digitizing to help with this task. Right-click on any empty space on the toolbar
area and activate the Shape Digitizing Toolbar.
Enable editing by pressing the pencil icon Toggle Editing.
Now under Add Rectangle dropdown select Add Rectangle from Extent button.
Zoom to an area with the buildings. Click and drag the mouse to draw a perfect rectangle.
Similarly, add the remaining buildings.
We need to rotate this rectangle to match the image on the topo map. The rotate tool is
available in the Advanced Digitizing toolbar. Right-click on an empty area on the toolbar
section and enable the Advanced Digitizing toolbar.
Click the Rotate Feature button.
Use the Select Single feature tool to select the polygon you want to rotate. Once the Rotate
Feature tool is activated, you will see crosshairs at the center of the polygon. Click exactly on
that crosshairs and drag the mouse while holding the left-click button. A preview of the rotated
feature will appear. Let go of the mouse button when the polygon aligns with the building
footprint.
Save the layer edits and click Toggle Editing once you finish digitizing all buildings. You can drag the layers to
change their order of appearance. The digitizing task is now complete. You can play with the styling and labeling
options in layer properties to create a nice-looking map from the data you created.
MINGHSIN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
CIVIL ENGINEERING AND
ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATICS 2022/2023

謝謝
Thanks
Merci
Danke
Terima Kasih