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    Unit Iii

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    APARNA KALAPATAPU
    The document discusses the durability of concrete and factors that affect it. It covers three main topics: 1. Factors affecting the durability of concrete, including the quality of materials used, mix design, reinforcement, water-cement ratio, curing, and exposure to chemicals. Proper design, construction, and maintenance are needed to ensure long-term durability. 2. Time-dependent behavior of concrete such as creep, shrinkage, fatigue, relaxation, and strength development over time. Understanding how concrete properties change is important for design. 3. Types of shrinkage including autogenous, plastic, and drying shrinkage. Factors like creep and shrinkage must be considered in design calculations

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    Unit Iii

    Uploaded by

    APARNA KALAPATAPU
    34 views8 pages
    The document discusses the durability of concrete and factors that affect it. It covers three main topics: 1. Factors affecting the durability of concrete, including the quality of materials used, mix design, reinforcement, water-cement ratio, curing, and exposure to chemicals. Proper design, construction, and maintenance are needed to ensure long-term durability. 2. Time-dependent behavior of concrete such as creep, shrinkage, fatigue, relaxation, and strength development over time. Understanding how concrete properties change is important for design. 3. Types of shrinkage including autogenous, plastic, and drying shrinkage. Factors like creep and shrinkage must be considered in design calculations

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    durability of concrete

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    UNIT-III

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    The document discusses the durability of concrete and factors that affect it. It covers three main topics: 1. Factors affecting the durability of concrete, including the quality of materials used, mix design, reinforcement, water-cement ratio, curing, and exposure to chemicals. Proper design, construction, and maintenance are needed to ensure long-term durability. 2. Time-dependent behavior of concrete such as creep, shrinkage, fatigue, relaxation, and strength development over time. Understanding how concrete properties change is important for design. 3. Types of shrinkage including autogenous, plastic, and drying shrinkage. Factors like creep and shrinkage must be considered in design calculations

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    34 views8 pages

    Unit Iii

    Uploaded by

    APARNA KALAPATAPU
    The document discusses the durability of concrete and factors that affect it. It covers three main topics: 1. Factors affecting the durability of concrete, including the quality of materials used, mix design, reinforcement, water-cement ratio, curing, and exposure to chemicals. Proper design, construction, and maintenance are needed to ensure long-term durability. 2. Time-dependent behavior of concrete such as creep, shrinkage, fatigue, relaxation, and strength development over time. Understanding how concrete properties change is important for design. 3. Types of shrinkage including autogenous, plastic, and drying shrinkage. Factors like creep and shrinkage must be considered in design calculations

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 8

    UNIT-III

    Durability of Concrete

    • factors affecting durability of concrete.


    • Time dependent behavior of concrete –
    Shrinkage, creep, fatigue.
    • Types & factors effecting of creep and shrinkage
    • Resistance to freezing sulphate and acid attacks.
    Durability of Concrete
    • Concrete is renowned for its durability and is widely used in
    construction due to its ability to withstand various environmental
    conditions and loads. The durability of concrete depends on several
    factors, including the quality of materials, design considerations,
    construction practices, and maintenance. Here are some key aspects
    related to the durability of concrete:
    • It's important to note that while concrete is highly durable, it is not
    completely immune to deterioration over time. Proper design,
    construction, and maintenance practices are necessary to ensure its
    long-term durability and minimize potential issues.
    factors affecting durability of concrete.
    1. Quality of materials: The quality of concrete materials, such as cement, aggregates (sand, gravel), and water, significantly affects its durability.
    High-quality materials with proper proportions and adherence to specifications are crucial for long-term durability.
    2. Mix design: The mix design of concrete involves determining the right proportions of materials to achieve the desired strength and durability.
    The mix design takes into account factors such as exposure conditions, required strength, and desired durability to create a suitable concrete
    mix.
    3. Reinforcement: Reinforcing concrete with steel bars or fibers enhances its tensile strength and overall durability. Reinforced concrete
    structures can better resist cracking and withstand applied loads, increasing their durability.
    4. Water-cement ratio: The water-cement ratio is an essential factor in concrete durability. Excess water in the mix can lead to increased porosity,
    reduced strength, and decreased durability. Maintaining an optimal water-cement ratio helps in achieving dense and durable concrete.
    5. Proper curing: Adequate curing is vital for concrete strength development and durability. Curing involves providing moisture and favorable
    temperature conditions to the concrete during the initial stages after placement. Proper curing ensures hydration of cement, minimizing
    shrinkage and enhancing the concrete's long-term durability.
    6. Chemical attack and corrosion: Concrete may be exposed to various aggressive environments, such as acidic or saline conditions, which can
    lead to chemical attack or corrosion of reinforcing steel. Measures like using suitable concrete mixes, protective coatings, or corrosion-resistant
    reinforcement can mitigate these issues and enhance durability.
    7. Structural design and construction practices: Proper design and construction practices contribute to the durability of concrete structures.
    Factors like adequate reinforcement, correct placement, and compaction techniques, proper joint detailing, and effective water drainage
    systems can all enhance the overall durability of concrete.
    8. Maintenance and repairs: Regular maintenance, timely repairs of any cracks or damage, and the application of protective coatings can extend
    the service life and durability of concrete structures.
    Time dependent behavior of concrete
    • Concrete exhibits time-dependent behavior, meaning its properties and characteristics can change over time. Here are some key aspects of the time-dependent behavior of
    concrete:
    1. Creep: Creep refers to the gradual deformation or strain that occurs in concrete under a sustained load over time. It is a time-dependent phenomenon influenced by factors
    such as the type of cement used, water-cement ratio, aggregate properties, and curing conditions. Creep can lead to long-term deflection of concrete structures and should
    be considered in design calculations.
    2. Shrinkage: Shrinkage is the reduction in volume that occurs in concrete as it loses moisture over time. It is mainly attributed to the drying of the cement paste. Shrinkage
    can cause cracking and affect the overall durability of concrete. Different types of shrinkage include autogenous shrinkage, plastic shrinkage, and drying shrinkage.
    3. Fatigue in concrete refers to the progressive and cumulative damage that occurs in concrete structures subjected to repeated or cyclic loading. Similar to other materials,
    concrete can experience fatigue failure when subjected to fluctuating stresses or strains over time. This phenomenon is particularly relevant in structures such as bridges,
    pavements, and offshore platforms that undergo repetitive loading.
    4. Relaxation: Relaxation is the decrease in stress or load over time while maintaining a constant strain. It is particularly relevant in prestressed concrete structures, where
    the prestressing steel tends to experience relaxation due to factors such as viscoelastic behavior and creep of concrete. Consideration of relaxation is crucial for the long-
    term performance and stability of prestressed concrete elements.
    5. Strength development: The strength of concrete continues to increase over time after it is initially placed. This process, known as strength development or gain, is
    primarily attributed to the hydration of cement. Concrete strength is usually specified at certain ages (e.g., 28 days), but it can continue to increase beyond that timeframe.
    6. Durability-related changes: Over time, concrete can undergo changes that impact its durability. These changes may include increased porosity, carbonation (reaction with
    carbon dioxide from the atmosphere), and chemical reactions with aggressive substances. The long-term durability of concrete is influenced by these aging processes.
    7. Aging and maintenance: Concrete structures can experience aging effects due to environmental exposure, load cycles, and other factors. Proper maintenance, including
    repairs, protective coatings, and structural reinforcement, can help mitigate the effects of aging and ensure the continued performance and durability of concrete elements.
    • Understanding the time-dependent behavior of concrete is essential for designing structures that can accommodate long-term deformations, cracking, and changes in
    strength. It also emphasizes the importance of appropriate curing, quality control during construction, and ongoing maintenance to ensure the desired performance and
    durability of concrete over its service life.
    Shrinkage, creep, fatigue.

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