MEC 2009 ENGINEERING DRAWING

ELECTRICAL COMPONENT

Mr. Boyd Munkombwe

Engineering Annex: SR7
Cell: (+260)-968315273/72860920
Email: [email protected]
[email protected]

MEng in Power Electronics and Motor Control (Southeast; China, 2020)

BEng in Electrical Machines and Power Systems (UNZA; January, 2017)
 Lecture 2

Symbols
Switches
Transistor as Switch
 Logic gates
Dimensions for commonly used symbols

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 Electrical switch

In electrical engineering;
•A switch is an electrical component that can disconnect or connect the conducting
path in an electrical circuit, interrupting the electric current or diverting it from one
conductor to another.
•The most common type of switch is an electromechanical device consisting of one
or more sets of movable electrical contacts connected to external circuits.
– When a pair of contacts is touching current can pass between them, while
when the contacts are separated no current can flow.

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 Switch applications

Fig. 2.1

Fig. 2.2 9
 Fig. 2.3 Switch installation

Note: A device designed to open or close a circuit under controlled conditions is

called a switch.

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• Most modern switch designs have their moving conductors and contact points
sealed inside an insulating case in order to mitigate hazards.

• A photograph of a few modern switch types show how the switching mechanisms
are much more concealed than with the knife design:

Fig. 2.6 Modern switches 11

The types of switches are classified into four types namely:

Fig. 2.7 Types of Switches 12

Fig. 2.8 SPST-Circuit

Fig. 2.9 SPDT-Circuit

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Consumer Supplies

Fig. 2.10 Consumer Unit 14

Transistor as a Switch

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  The transistor collector current is proportionslly limited by its base current
 Hence, it can be used as a sort of a current-controlled switch.
 Relatively small base current of the transistor has the ability to cotrol a much
larger current flow through the collector

Cut-Off Region
VCC VCC

RL RL

Vout Vout

Switch
Q1
͞Open͟
Rin

GND1 GND2 GND3

Saturation Region

VCC VCC

RL RL

Vout Vout

Switch
Q1
͞Closed͟
Rin

GND1 GND2 GND3

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Relay control using Transistor
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Logic Gates

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 Applications of Logic Gates:

•NAND Gates are used in Burglar alarms and buzzers.

 They are basically used in circuits involving computation and processing.
 They are also used in push button switches. E.g. Door Bell.
 They are used in the functioning of street lights.
•AND Gates are used to enable/inhibit the data transfer function.
 They are also used in TTL (Transistor Transistor Logic) and CMOS circuitry.

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  Implementing Logic gates using Resistor Transistor Logic (RTL)
• Using RTL circuit to study the internal connections of NOR, OR, AND, NAND gates.
– As the name suggests, these ccts are constructed using resistors and NPN
transistors.

• RTL – first logic family to become commercially available.

• Hence, all these logic gates can be constructed with RTL
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 NOT Gate

Vcc Vcc = +5 V

R3
Truth
Table
A Y
R8
Q1 0 1
VA R1
1 0
1
0 D1
1
0

GND3 GND1 GND2

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 NOR Gate Vcc

R3

VA Q1 VB Q2
R1 R2
Fig. 2.14 NOR function implementation 01 0
1

Lamp1 1
00

GND1 GND2

Truth Table
A B Y
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 0 23
 OR Gate

Fig. 2.13 OR function implementation

Vcc

Truth Table
VA Q1 VB Q2
R1 R2 A B Y
01 0
10
0 0 0
0 1 1
R3 Lamp1 101 1 0 1
1 1 1
GND1 GND2
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 Truth Table
AND Gate
A B Y
0 0 0
Vcc
0 1 0
1 0 0

01 VA Q1 1 1 1
R1

Fig. 2.11 AND function implementation

VB Q2
R2

10

R3
Lamp1 01

GND1 GND2

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 Vcc
NAND Gate

R3

10 VA Q1
R1
Lamp1
10
Fig. 2.12 NAND function implementation
VB Q2
R2
0110

GND1 GND2

Truth Table
A B Y
0 0 1
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0 26
End of Lecture!

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