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    Week 4 Earth and Life Science

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    Prince Ivan Galsim
    This document discusses the three main types of rocks - igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. It describes how each type of rock is formed, whether through volcanic activity and cooling of magma (igneous), compaction and cementation of sediments (sedimentary), or changes in pressure and temperature transforming one rock type into another (metamorphic). Key examples are provided for each rock type to illustrate characteristics like texture, mineral composition, and crystal structure.

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    Week 4 Earth and Life Science

    Uploaded by

    Prince Ivan Galsim
    20 views27 pages
    This document discusses the three main types of rocks - igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. It describes how each type of rock is formed, whether through volcanic activity and cooling of magma (igneous), compaction and cementation of sediments (sedimentary), or changes in pressure and temperature transforming one rock type into another (metamorphic). Key examples are provided for each rock type to illustrate characteristics like texture, mineral composition, and crystal structure.

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    This document discusses the three main types of rocks - igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. It describes how each type of rock is formed, whether through volcanic activity and cooling of magma (igneous), compaction and cementation of sediments (sedimentary), or changes in pressure and temperature transforming one rock type into another (metamorphic). Key examples are provided for each rock type to illustrate characteristics like texture, mineral composition, and crystal structure.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    20 views27 pages

    Week 4 Earth and Life Science

    Uploaded by

    Prince Ivan Galsim
    This document discusses the three main types of rocks - igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. It describes how each type of rock is formed, whether through volcanic activity and cooling of magma (igneous), compaction and cementation of sediments (sedimentary), or changes in pressure and temperature transforming one rock type into another (metamorphic). Key examples are provided for each rock type to illustrate characteristics like texture, mineral composition, and crystal structure.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 27

    ROCK

    - Petrology is the scientific study of rocks.


    - Rocks are combined aggregation of
    minerals.
    - Petrologist classified rocks based
    on how they were formed.
    Can you describe this rock?
    Can you describe this rock?
    Can you describe this rock?
    TYPES OF
    ROCKS
    Three Types of Rocks
    IGNEOUS

    SEDIMENTARY

    METAMORPHIC
    IGNEOUS ROCKS
    • Latin “ignis” meaning fire.
    • Formed when hot molten
    rock cools and solidifies
    • Classified based on where it is formed:
    intrusive or extrusive.
    Intrusive or Plutonic Igneous Rocks
    - Are formed beneath the earth’s surface.
    It is characterized by large crystal sizes visible
    to the naked eye because they cool slowly.

    They are
    phaneritic.

    Granite Diorite
    Extrusive or Volcanic Igneous Rocks
    - Are formed on the earth’s surface. These
    are the rocks that form at erupting volcanoes.
    - The magma, called lava when molten rock
    erupts on the surface, cools and solidifies almost
    instantly when it is exposed to the relatively cool
    temperature of the atmosphere.
    Extrusive or Volcanic Igneous Rocks
    Examples:

    They are
    aphanitic

    Basalt Pyroclastic rock


    SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
    • Formed when sediments
    are transformed into solid
    rock.
    • 73% of Earth’s surface.
    • May be formed by compaction and
    cementation.
    Compaction
    - it happens when sediments are buried
    deeply that it places them under the pressure
    caused by the weight of the layers above.
    - this tightens the grains of sediments
    together, minimizing the pores and spaces.
    Example: When sand, dirt, clay, and/or small
    rocks are pressed together over time.
    Rock formed by compaction . . .

    They are dull, reddish-


    brown, very fine grains
    (smooth to the touch),
    breaks easily.

    SHALE
    Cementation
    - is the process by
    which the water which
    contains cementing
    materials seeps through
    the pores and spaces
    between particles, binding
    the particles together.
    Types of sedimentary rocks include:
    clastic sedimentary rocks,
    biochemical sedimentary rocks, and
    chemical sedimentary rocks.
    • clastic sedimentary rocks – cemented, non-
    organic sediments. Pieces of other rocks.
    • biochemical sedimentary rocks – formed from
    remnant of plants and animals such as shells.
    • Chemical sedimentary rocks – formed by
    chemical precipitation that begins when water
    traveling through rocks dissolve some of the
    minerals.
    METAMORPHIC ROCKS
    • Formed by metamorphism of protolith through
    changes in pressure or temperature.
    • Metamorphism -
    transformation of one
    rock type into another.
    • There are two types of
    metamorphism: regional & contact
    1. Regional - due to
    changes in pressure
    over large region of the
    crust. It may happen
    when rock is buried
    deep below the surface
    of the earth.
    2. Contact - the rock
    minerals and textures
    are changed mainly
    by heat due to
    contact with magma.
    METAMORPHIC ROCKS
    • May be formed beneath
    the Earth’s surface or by
    tectonic plates collision.
    • Can be broadly
    classified as foliated or
    non-foliated.
    Foliated Non-Foliated
    Subjected to unequal Subjected to uniform
    pressure. pressure.
    Examples of foliated metamorphic rocks:

    Granite to Gneiss Sandstone to Schist


    Examples of Non- foliated metamorphic rocks:

    Marble Quartzite
    Ding, ang
    bato!
    Activity: Venn Diagram
    Fill in the Venn
    Diagram to
    determine the
    similarities and
    differences of
    the three types
    of rocks.
    Performance Task #3: Picture Perfect!
    Collect at least five rock samples in your place
    and take a photo of the samples. Describe the
    characteristics of each rock depending on their
    appearance, texture and color. Then classify them
    as to igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic rock.
    Place the photo of rocks on the box and the needed
    data on the space provided.

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