01

02

03

Unit 3 04

conditionals 05

06
A – REAL POSSIBILITY/PROBABILITY
First conditional: present or future meaning
Sử dụng để nói về điều kiện có thật trong hiện tại hoặc tương lai (có thể thực
hiện được ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai)
If-clause Main clause
if + present tense subject + will/can/may//must/should/ought
to/had better + bare infinitive

Example 1: If you have a birthday party, you will get loads of cool presents!

Example 2: If you are working till 6.30, we will have dinner at about 8 o’clock.
Example 3: If you have revised properly, you won’t have any problems in the test
next week.
A – REAL POSSIBILITY/PROBABILITY
Zero conditional: general truths/cause and effects
Sử dụng để nói về sự thật hiển nhiên, một quy luật hoặc một thói quen
If-clause Main clause
if + present simple/progressive present simple
if + past simple/progressive past simple

Example 1: If plants don’t get water, they die.

Example 2: If the dog saw a cat, he always barked.
B – HYPOTHETICAL/UNREAL SITUATIONS
Second conditional
+ Sử dụng để nói về điều kiện không có thật trong hiện tại hoặc không thể xảy ra
trong hiện tại
+ Đưa lời khuyên
If-clause Main clause
if + past simple/progressive subject + would/should/might/could + bare infinitive

Example 1: If you had a beard, you would look just like a comedian!

Example 2: If you were flying to Dalat, would you get there much quicker?

Example 3: If I were you, I would think very carefully about my future.

C – HYPOTHETICAL SITUATIONS
Third conditional: past events/situations
+ Sử dụng để nói về điều kiện không có thật trong quá khứ hoặc không thể xảy ra
trong quá khứ

If-clause Main clause

if + past perfect subject + would/should/might/could + have + past participle

Example 1: If you had worn a face mask, no one would have known who you
were! (= you didn’t wear a face mask so everyone knew you)
Example 2: If she had been wearing her new glasses, I would have noticed
them. (= she wasn’t wearing her new glasses so I didn’t notice them)
D – IMPERATIVES (threat, warning, promise)
imperative + and/or + future
Example 1: If you come late again, you’ll get the sack. (threat)
 Come late again and you’ll get the sack.
 Don’t come late again or you’ll get the sack.
Example 2: If you tease her too much, she’ll bite you. (warning)
 Tease her too much and she’ll bite you.
 Don’t tease her too much or she’ll bite you.
Example 3: If you lend me the money, I’ll pay you back. (promise)
 Lend me the money and I’ll pay you back.
E – UNLESS (= if not)
Example 1: If you haven’t met him, you won’t know what I mean.
 Unless you have met him, you won’t know what I mean.

Example 2: If he hasn’t got a visa, he can’t enter the country.

 Unless he has got a visa, he can’t enter the country.

Example 3: If you let him sleep, he’s certain to miss his plane. (wake)
 Unless you wake him up, he’s certain to miss his plane.
F – IF + FUTURE/WOULD (polite request, willingness, insistence)
Example 1: I would appreciate it if you would reply as quickly as possible.
Example 2: I’ll teach you English if you’ll teach me Greek.
Example 3: If he will continue to work so hard, he’s certain to have a heart
attack.
G – NOT UNLESS | ONLY IF
Example 1: I won’t help him unless he asks me to. (not unless)
 Not unless he asks me (to) will I help him.
Example 2: She won’t speak to him unless he apologises. (not unless)
 Not unless he apologises will she speak to him.
Example 3: The lease will only be extended if the rent is paid. (only if)
 Only if the rent is paid will the lease be extended.
H – INVERTED CONDITIONALS
• 1st conditional: If + S + (should) + bare infinitive  Should + S + bare infinitive
Example 1: If you (should) come first, leave the keys on the table.
 Should you come first, leave the keys on the table.
• 2nd conditional: If + S + were  were + S | If + S + V2  Were + S + to-infinitive
Example 2.1: If the boat were mine, I wouldn’t hire it out.
 Were the boat mine, I wouldn’t hire it out.
Example 2.2: If she asked you for money, what would you say to her?
 Were she to ask you for money, what would you say to her?
• 3rd conditional: If + S + had (not) + past participle  Had + S + (not) past participle
Example 3: If they had known, they would have told us.
 Had they known, they would have told us.
I – IF IT WERE NOT FOR | IF IT HAD NOT BEEN FOR …
Example 1: If he didn’t help me, I’d never manage. (for/without)
 It it were not for/Were it not for his help, I’d never manage.
 But for/Without his help, I’d never manage.
Example 2: If he hadn’t helped me, I’d have gone to prison. (for/without)
 It it hadn’t been for/Had it not been for his help, I’d have gone to prison.
 But for/Without his help, I’d have gone to prison.
Example 3: If we hadn’t assisted them, they wouldn’t have survived.
 If it hadn’t been for/Had it not been for our assistance, they wouldn’t have
survived.
 But for/Without our assistance, they wouldn’t have survived.
J – MIXED CONDITIONALS
Type 3 & Type 2:
Điều kiện không có thật trong quá khứ và kết quả liên quan đến hiện tại.
If-clause Main clause
if + past perfect subject + would/should/might/could + bare infinitive

Example 1: I didn’t listen to my parents so I am in trouble now.

 If I had listened to my parents, I wouldn’t be in so much trouble now.
J – MIXED CONDITIONALS
Type 2 & Type 3:
Điều kiện trái với hiện tại và kết quả trong quá khứ.
If-clause Main clause
if + past simple/past continuous subject + would/should/might/could + have + past
participle

Example 1: I don’t have a mobile so I didn’t call you last night .

 If I had a mobile, I would have called you last night.
K – IN CASE (OF)
Example 1: I’ll leave the bag here. She may come to pick it up.
 I’ll leave the bag here in case/in the event that she comes to pick it up.

Example 2: I took out an insurance policy because I might get ill.

 I took out an insurance policy in case/ in the event that I got ill.

Example 3: If there is a fire, ring the bell.

 In case of/In the event of fire, ring the bell.
L – OTHER EXPRESSIONS
providing (that), suppose, supposing, so/as long as, only if, even if,
otherwise, or else, whether or not, what if …
Example 1: So long as you pay in cash, you’ll receive a discount. (provided)
 Provided that you pay in cash, you’ll receive a discount.
Example 2: What would happen if we refused to do it? (suppose)
 What if/Suppose we refused to do it, what would happen?
Example 3: They still wouldn’t let you in even if you had a ticket. (whether)
 Whether or not you had a ticket, they still wouldn’t let you in.
Example 4: If we don’t leave now, we’ll be late. (otherwise)
 We’d better leave know; otherwise we’ll be late.
Tuesday, July 26th, 2022 - ORAL PRACTICE

1. Whatever you do, don’t leave me alone.

 Underno circumstances should/must you leave me alone.
2. The robbers did not realise that armed police were waiting for them.
 Littledid the robbers realise that armed police were waiting for them.
3. Immediately after Paul heard from Angela, her sister dropped in.
 No sooner had Paul hear from Angela than her sister dropped in.
4. She was so anxious about the exam that she couldn’t sleep.
 Such about the exam that she couldn’t sleep.
5. I would have given him the job if he hadn’t been so rude.
 Had it notbeen for his rudeness/being rude, I would have given him the job.
Tuesday, July 26th, 2022 - ORAL PRACTICE

6. Had it not been for her support, he wouldn’t have passed the exam.
 Without her support, he wouldn’t have passed the exam.
7. Had it not been for his hard work, he wouldn’t have succeeded.
 But forhis hard work, he wouldn’t have succeeded.
8. I forgot about the appointment until I received the call.
 Not untilI received the call did I remember the appointment.
9. The public is allowed in very rarely.
 Only on (very) rare occasions is the public allowed in.
10. The only way you won’t lose your job is by accepting his conditions.
 Only byaccepting his conditions will/can you keep your job.
A – “Key” Word Transformation
1. If the referee hadn’t intervened promptly, a fight would have developed on the pitch.
(prompt)
 But for the referee’s prompt intervention , a fight would have developed on the pitch.
2. If he hadn’t reacted so quickly, there would have been more casualties. (speedy)
 But for his speedy reaction , there would have been more casualties.
3. Don’t play with that ball indoors any more, or you’ll break something. (carry)
 If you carry on playing with that ball indoors, you’ll break something.
4. If there’s a fire, people shouldn’t use the lift. (event)
 In the event of (a) fire, people shouldn’t/don’t use the lift.
5. The only thing that makes this job worthwhile is the money. (for)
 Were it not for the money, this job would not be worthwhile.
A – “Key” Word Transformation
6. It was his incompetence which led to their capture. (so)
 If he hadn’t been so incompetent, they would not have been captured.
7. Give me a ring if you’re going to be late. (happen)
 Give me a ring beif/should you happen to be late.
8. So long as the examiner can read your handwriting, he’ll accept your answer. (legible)
 Provided , the examiner will accept your
(that) your handwriting is legible
answer.
9. We’d better leave them a note, because it’s possible they’ll arrive late. (case)
 We’d better leave them a note, in case they arrive late.
10. Nothing short of personal intervention by the minister can stop the forest from being
destroyed. (saved)
 The forest can only be saved if the minister intervenes personally.
 B - Derivaties

1. independent (adj)
2. disturbing (noun)
3. disagreement(s) (noun)
4. unreasonable (adj)
5. misunderstand (verb)
6. behaviour (noun)
7. cheerful (adj)
8. healthy (adj)
9. admitting (present participle)
10. flexibility (noun)
 A – Guided Cloze Test
0. in (preposition in fixed expression: in the opinion of)
1. of (dependent preposition: ways of)
2. since (= from that time + present perfect)
3. among (meaning in context = within)
4. being (gerund)
5. in (idiomatic: rich/high/low + in something)
6. because (because of + noun phrase)
7. tends (tend + full infinitive)
8. since (clause of reason)
9. inhabitants (residents of an area, tenants of a building)
 A – Guided Cloze Test
10. could (2nd conditional)
11. quantity (meaning and usage)
12. be (passive)
13. if (conditional)
14. much (intensifier in comparative construction)
15. resulting (+from)
 B – Open Cloze Test
0. longer (element in adverbial time expression)
1. by (preposition in fixed expression: days gone by)
2. his (reference to man)
3. such (+as, introducing an example)
4. where (conjunction indicating place)
5. few (=a small number + countable noun)
6. must/should (modal expressing necessity/obligation)
7. otherwise (adverb meaning differently)
8. in (increase in)
9. themselves (reflexive)
 B – Open Cloze Test
10. there (there seems/appears/tends, etc. + to be)
11. for (preposition in time expression: for long)
12. on (make raid + on)
13. this (refer to idea of previous sentence)
14. one (pronoun)
15. their (reference to “elephants”)
Key Word Transformation – ”BEAR” expressions

1. How can you bear him? (put)

 How can you put up with him?

2. What he said had nothing to do with the subject we were discussing. (relation)
 What he said bore no relation to the subject we were discussing.

3. He still has scars from the car accident. (bears)

 He still bears scars from the car accident.

4. His persistence finally paid off when she agreed to marry him. (bore)
 His persistencefinally bore fruit when she agreed to marry him.
Key Word Transformation – ”BEAR” expressions

5. This house is nothing like the picture in the brochure. (no)

 This house bears no resemblance to the picture in the brochure.
6. If I were you, I would hold nothing against him for what he said. (grudge)
 If I were you,I wouldn’t bear a grudge against him/bear him a grudge for
what he said

7. I can testify that what she said is true. (witness)

 I can bear witness to the fact that what she said is true.

8. The small village sustained most of the impact of the attack. (brunt)
 The small villagebore the brunt of the attack.
TRAVELS WITH MY AUNT
1. clash of personalities A. unlike one’s typical behavior
2. be a personality B. typical of one’s usual behavior
3. in character C. not feel like doing something
4. out of character D. central person in a book/film/play/television show
5. main character E. have the proper state of mind for doing something
6. be in the mood to/for F. establish the proper environment for doing something
7. in no mood to G. have the potential of becoming very angry

8. set the mood H. soften one’s way of expressing something

9. temper one’s temperature I. be a celebrity

10. have a temper J. encounter between people with behavior conflict

1-J 2-I 3-B 4-A 5-D 6-E 7-C 8-F 9 - H 10 - G

TRAVELS WITH MY AUNT
1. be in a temper A. different environment
2. on view B. privately; out of public view
3. view sth with C. incredibly grand; awesome scenery
4. in full view D. sb/sth that is a common sight in a place
5. take a dim view of E. with the attention of
6. with a view to F. regard sth skeptically or pessimistically
7. part of the scenery G. totally visible

8. spectacular scenery H. consider sth/sb from a specified perspective

9. behind the scenes I. visible; on public display

10. change of scene/scenery J. in an angry state of mind

1-J 2-I 3-H 4-G 5-F 6-E 7-D 8-C 9 - B 10 - A

TRAVELS WITH MY AUNT
1. set the scene A. know the name and recognize the face of sb

2. catch sight of B. no longer be able to see

3. in/out of sight C. able/unable to be seen

4. lose sight of D. get a glimpse of sb/sth briefly

5. know by sight E. make ready, prepare

1-E 2-D 3-C 4-B 5-A

A – “Key” Word Transformation - Preparatory

1. You’re only in this mess because you didn’t take my advice. (taken)
 Had you taken my advice, you wouldn’t be in this mess.

2. If she hadn’t had excellent references, she wouldn’t have got the job. (been)
 Had it not been for her excellent references , she wouldn’t have got the job.

3. If you hadn’t helped me, I’d have got into trouble. (but)
 I’d have got intro troublebut for your help.
4. You’ll receive an invitation to the reception provided you are here for the nominations.
(long)
 You’ll receive an invitation to the reception for the
as long as you are here
nominations.
A – “Key” Word Transformation - Preparatory

5. You won’t be accepted unless you have all the qualifications. (hope)
 Your only hope of acceptance is if you have all the qualifications.
6. I don’t think he’s interested in our offer, otherwise he would have contacted us.
(had)
 He would have contacted us had he/if he had been interested in our offer.

7. Jimmy, if you say that again, I’ll send you to bed. (and)
 Jimmy,say that again and I’ll send you to bed.

8. If there’s a fire, don’t use the lift. (event)

 Don’t use the lift in the event of (a) fire.
B – “Key” Word Transformation - Preparatory
1. It’s your own fault that you failed your final exams. (yourself)
 You have only got/only have yourself to blame for failing your final exams.

2. Your ideal weight is relative to your height. (proportion)

 Your weight should(ideally) be in proportion to your height.

3. I don’t like him because he played a mean trick on me. (bear)

 I bear him a grudge/a grudge against him for playing a mean trick on me

4. When television first began, the screen was very small. (infancy)
 When television was in its infancy , the screen was very small.
B – “Key” Word Transformation - Preparatory
5. That pretty cottage is falling apart because they don’t bother to repair it. (dogs)
 That pretty cottage because they don’t bother to repair
is going to the dogs
it.

6. It was your fault not mine. (in)

 You were in the wrong, not me.

7. Getting your Master’s degree is really something to be proud of, Danny. (feather)
 Getting your Master’s degreeis a (real) feather in your cap , Danny

8. I’ve spent all day on a useless search for Polish brandy. (wild)
 I’ve been on a wild goose chase all day for Polish brandy.