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Aircraft Engine Presentation - Lecture 6 - Presentation

The document discusses measurement of vibration, types of accelerometers used for vibration measurement, and design considerations for vibration systems. It provides examples of calculating damping coefficients from experimental data and designing vibration systems to meet constraints on natural frequency and amplitude.

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Froilan Donie R Orofino
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13 views19 pages

Aircraft Engine Presentation - Lecture 6 - Presentation

The document discusses measurement of vibration, types of accelerometers used for vibration measurement, and design considerations for vibration systems. It provides examples of calculating damping coefficients from experimental data and designing vibration systems to meet constraints on natural frequency and amplitude.

Uploaded by

Froilan Donie R Orofino
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 6

Measurement
Design Considerations
Measurement
• Measurement of quantities required to
analyze the vibrating motion of a system
(mass, damping and stiffness coefficients)
• To verify and improve analytical models
Vibration Measurement
• Can be predicted mathematically
• Measured using accelerometers
Accelerometers
• An accelerometer is a device that measures the
vibration, or acceleration of motion of a structure.
The force caused by vibration or a change in
motion (acceleration) causes the mass to
"squeeze" the piezoelectric material which
produces an electrical charge that is proportional
to the force exerted upon it. Since the charge is
proportional to the force, and the mass is a
constant, then the charge is also proportional to
the acceleration.
Types
• The first type is a "high impedance" charge
output accelerometer.

• The second type of accelerometer is a low


impedance output accelerometer.
High impedance charge
• In this type of accelerometer the piezoelectric
crystal produces an electrical charge which is
connected directly to the measurement
instruments. The charge output requires special
accommodations and instrumentation most
commonly found in research facilities. This type of
accelerometer is also used in high temperature
applications (>120C) where low impedance
models can not be used.
Low impedance output
• A low impedance accelerometer has a charge
accelerometer as its front end but has a tiny built-in
micro-circuit and FET transistor that converts that charge
into a low impedance voltage that can easily interface
with standard instrumentation. This type of
accelerometer is commonly used in industry. An
accelerometer power supply like the ACC-PS1, provides
the proper power to the microcircuit 18 to 24 V @ 2 mA
constant current and removes the DC bias level, they
typically produces a zero based output signal up to +/- 5V
depending upon the mV/g rating of the accelerometer.
Accelerometers
Aircraft engine vibration
Aircraft engine vibration
• Two accelerometers to measure vibration
• One in FWD (to measure fan vibration - LPT)
and one in the rear (core vibration - HPT)
Aircraft Engine Vibration
Aircraft Engine Vibration
Aircraft Engine Vibration
Damping coefficient measurement
Can be measured using the logarithmic decrement

ln x(t )

x(t  T )

t1 t2
Where:
T is the period of oscillation

Underdamped response to measure damping


Damping coefficient measurement
Logarithmic decrement

ln x(t )

x(t  T )

For an underdamped system, the damping


ratio can be solved by


 
4 2   2
Examples
• The free response of the system with a mass of 2 kg is found
to be underdamped. A static deflection test is performed and
the stiffness is determined to be 1.5 x 10^3 N/m. The
displacements at t1 and t2 are measured to be 9 and 1 mm,
respectively. Calculate the damping coefficient.

• A pendulum decays from 10 cm to 1 cm over one period.


Determine its damping ratio.
Design Considerations
• Design in vibration refers to adjusting the physical
parameters of a device to cause its vibration
response to meet a specified shape or criteria.
• m, c, and k have other constraints. ie. The mass of a
device may be limited to be between 2 and 3 kg, and
for static displacement conditions, the stiffness may
be required to be greater than 200 N/m. In this case,
the natural frequency must be in the interval

8.16rad / s    10rad / s
Examples
• Consider a system with mass and stiffness properties to be
constrained between 8.16 to 10 rad/s. Supposed that the
system is subjected to initial velocity always less than 3 cm/s
and to zero initial displacement. Choose a dashpot design
such that the amplitude of vibration is always less than 1 cm.

• Consider designing a helical spring such that when attached to


a 10 kg mass, the resulting spring-mass system has a natural
frequency of 10 rad/s (1.6 Hz)
Examples
• Consider modeling the vertical suspension system of a small sports
car, as a single degree of freedom system of the form

mx  cx  kx  0

Where m is the mass of the automobile c and k are the equivalent


damping and stiffness of the four shock absorber spring systems.
The car deflects the suspension system under its own weight 0.05
m. The suspension is chosen to be critically damped. If the car
weighs 3000 lb ( weight of a Porsche 968), calculate the equivalent
damping and stiffness coefficients of the suspension system. If four
160-lb passengers are in the car, how does this affect the effective
damping ratio?

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