Air Quality Prediction using Linear

Regression

Sl.no Name Email Id Phone number

01 Misba Nausheen [email protected] 9740598458

02 Zia Muskan [email protected] 7625019486

03 Atiqa Tasneem [email protected] 8050554342

04 Summaiya Aiman [email protected] 8095556786

Date:09/09/2023
 Table of Contents:
1. Executive Summary
2. Introduction
3. Existing System
4. Proposed System
5. Description of Algorithm
6. Screenshots
7. Implementation Details
8. Conclusion
9. Future Work
10.References
 1.Executive Summary
 The project, titled "Air Quality Prediction using Linear Regression on Global Weather
Data," focuses on developing a predictive model to estimate air quality, specifically
ozone levels, based on the concentration of carbon monoxide in the atmosphere.
 This project leverages the power of data science and machine learning to contribute to
the understanding and management of air quality.

Objective
 The primary objective of this project is to develop a predictive model that can estimate
ozone levels based on the concentration of carbon monoxide.
 Enhance our understanding of the relationship between carbon monoxide and ozone
levels.
 Provide a valuable tool for air quality monitoring and management.
 Contribute to public health efforts by predicting and mitigating the impact of air
pollution.
 Key Findings
 Enhanced Real-time Monitoring
 Timely Alerting and Response
 Improved Data Accuracy and Consistency
 Effective Predictive Modelling
 User Engagement and Awareness
 Long-term Trend Analysis
 Public Health Benefits
 Environmental Protection
 2.Introduction
Introduction to the Project:
 Air quality is a critical environmental factor that profoundly affects human health, the ecosystem,
and overall quality of life.
 The quality of the air we breathe is determined by the presence and concentration of various
pollutants, including particulate matter, gases like carbon monoxide and ozone, and volatile organic
compounds.
 Poor air quality is associated with a range of health issues, including respiratory diseases,
cardiovascular problems, and even premature death.
 Additionally, air pollution contributes to environmental degradation, climate change, and economic
losses.
 Purpose and Scope of the Report
Purpose of the Report:
 The purpose of this report is to provide a comprehensive overview and analysis of the "Air Quality
Monitoring and Prediction System" project.
 It serves as a detailed document that outlines the project's objectives, methodologies, findings, and
recommendations.
The specific purposes of this report are as follows:
 Documentation
 Evaluation
 Recommendations
 Information Dissemination
 Decision-Making Support
 S co p oe thf R
e ep o : rt

 This report's scope encompasses various aspects of the "Air Quality Monitoring and Prediction
System" project, providing an in-depth examination of its components and outcomes.
The key components within the scope of this report include:
 Project Overview Methodology
 Data Analysis
 Predictive Modeling
 User Interface
 Alerting and Notifications
 Findings
 Recommendations
 Conclusion
 Appendices
 3.Existing System
Description of the Current System:
The existing system for predicting air quality typically relies on traditional methods and technologies.
Here is a description of the key components of the current air quality monitoring system:
 Ground-based monitoring stations are strategically placed throughout urban and industrial areas to
measure various air quality parameters.
 Data collection equipment may include gas analyzers, particulate matter detectors, weather stations,
and data loggers.
 The AQI provides a numerical value representing the overall air quality and is often categorized into
different levels, such as "good," "moderate," "unhealthy," etc., to inform the public.
 The existing system has several limitations, including limited coverage, with monitoring stations
typically concentrated in urban areas.
 Problems and limitations of the existing system:

The existing air quality prediction system has several problems and limitations, which necessitate the
development of a more advanced and comprehensive system.
Here are some of the key problems and limitations of the current system:
 The current system often has a limited number of monitoring stations, which are typically concentrated
in urban areas. This results in inadequate coverage, especially in rural or remote regions, where air
quality issues may also exist.
 Data collection from monitoring stations can be sporadic, leading to gaps in real-time monitoring.
Accessing air quality data and interpreting Air Quality Index (AQI) information may not be user-
friendly for the general public.
 Some monitoring stations may lack the latest sensor technologies, making it challenging to measure
specific pollutants or detect emerging air quality concerns.
 4.Proposed System
Detailed description of the proposed system:
 The new system will establish an expanded and more strategically distributed network of
monitoring stations. These stations will be located in urban, suburban, rural, and industrial areas to
ensure comprehensive coverage.
 The proposed system will collect real-time data from monitoring stations, providing continuous
updates on air quality conditions. Data will be collected at shorter intervals (e.g., every 15 minutes)
to capture rapid changes.
 To reduce the reliance on manual maintenance, the proposed system will incorporate self-diagnostic
features in monitoring stations. Remote monitoring will enable timely maintenance and calibration
when needed.
 The system will integrate real-time weather data, including temperature, humidity, wind speed, and
wind direction, to provide a more comprehensive understanding of air quality dynamics.
 The proposed system will actively engage the public through social media, community workshops,
and educational campaigns to raise awareness about air quality issues and promote responsible
actions.
 How it addresses the limitations of the existing system:

 The new system establishes an expanded network of strategically distributed monitoring stations,
ensuring comprehensive coverage across various geographic locations. This addresses the limitation of
data gaps and provides a more accurate representation of air quality conditions.
 he proposed system collects real-time data at shorter intervals, such as every 15 minutes, using IoT
technology. This ensures that users receive timely updates on air quality, addressing the limitation of
delayed information.
 Advanced predictive modeling techniques, such as machine learning algorithms, are employed in the
new system. These models consider historical data, meteorological information, and other factors to
forecast air quality trends. This addresses the limitation of reactive rather than proactive responses to air
quality issues.
 The proposed system features an intuitive web-based platform and mobile application with user-friendly
interfaces. Interactive maps, charts, and graphs allow users to visualize air quality data easily. This
addresses the limitation of limited accessibility and usability .
 5.Description of Algorithm

 Linear regression is a fundamental machine learning algorithm used for predicting a continuous outcome variable
(also called the dependent variable) based on one or more predictor variables (independent variables). It's
particularly useful for understanding and modeling the relationship between variables and making predictions
based on that relationship.
 Linear regression assumes that there's a linear relationship between the predictor variables and the target variable.
In a simple linear regression (with one predictor variable), this relationship can be represented as:
y = mx + b
Where
y is the target variable (the variable we want to predict).
x is the predictor variable (the variable used for prediction).
m is the slope of the line (representing how y changes with a change in x).
b is the intercept (the value of y when x is zero).
 The goal of linear regression is to find the best-fitting line (or hyperplane in multiple linear regression) that
minimizes the difference between the actual values (observed data) and the predicted values (values calculated
using the linear equation).
 During the training phase, the algorithm learns the values of m and b that minimize the difference between
predicted and actual values.
 After training, the model can be used to make predictions. The model calculates the predicted value of
the target variable using the linear equation.
 To assess the quality of predictions made by the linear regression model, various evaluation metrics
can be used.
 These metrics help quantify how well the model fits the data and makes accurate predictions.
Types of Linear Regression
 Simple Linear Regression: This is used when there's only one predictor variable.
y = mx + b
 Multiple Linear Regression: This is used when there are multiple predictor variables.
y = b0 + (b1 * x1) + (b2 * x2) + ... + (bn * xn)
Here, y is the target variable, x1, x2, ..., xn are the predictor variables, and b0, b1, b2, ..., bn are the
coefficients to be learned
 Applications of Linear Regression :
 Linear regression is widely used in various fields, including finance, economics, biology, social
sciences, and machine learning, for tasks such as sales forecasting, risk assessment, and trend
analysis .It serves as the basis for more complex machine learning algorithms and is often used for
initial data exploration and model benchmarking.
 Data set of Air Quality Prediction
air_quality_Carbon_Monoxide air_quality_Ozone
647.5 130.2
433.9 104.4
647.5 16.6
190.3 68
2136.2 147.3
200.3 16.6
270.4 18.8
212 121.6
203.6 44
320.4 30
230.3 101.6
6.Screenshots
 7.Implementation Details
 Gather historical data on air quality, including carbon monoxide levels, ozone levels, and potentially
other relevant variables such as temperature, humidity, and wind speed.
 Clean and preprocess the collected data.
 Perform exploratory data analysis (EDA) to understand the relationships between different variables in
the dataset.
 Choose an appropriate machine learning or statistical model for predicting air quality here linear
regression model is used.
 Split the dataset into a training set and a testing set.
 Train the model on the training data.
 Present the results of the air quality predictions through reports and visualization.
 programming languages, frameworks, and tools used:

 Python: Python is a widely used programming language for data science and machine learning tasks due
to its extensive libraries and ease of use.
 Libraries and Frameworks:
Pandas: Used for data manipulation and preprocessing.NumPy: Essential for numerical operations and
array handling.
Scikit-Learn: Provides machine learning models, including linear regression and other regression
algorithms.
Matplotlib and Seaborn: Used for data visualization.
 Machine Learning and Predictive Modelling: Python's Scikit-Learn library provides a wide range of
machine learning algorithms for regression tasks. In your provided code, you used the LinearRegression
class from Scikit-Learn.
 IDEs (Integrated Development Environments): Popular Python IDEs like Visual Studio Code,
PyCharm, or Jupyter Notebook are commonly used for coding and development.
 8.Conclusion
Summarize the project's achievements:
 The project successfully loads and preprocesses the air quality data from the
"GlobalWeatherRepository.csv" file. This includes handling missing data through the use of dropna().
 The project trains a linear regression model using the Scikit-Learn library. The model is trained to predict
air quality levels of ozone based on the carbon monoxide levels.
 The project evaluates the performance of the linear regression model using the root mean squared error
(RMSE) as the evaluation metric.
 The project allows for making predictions by providing a value (e.g., 12) for the carbon monoxide level and
using the trained model to predict the corresponding ozone level.
 The project selects the best-performing model (in this case, linear regression) based on the RMSE value.
 The project demonstrates how to use the selected model to make a specific prediction (e.g., predicting
ozone level when the carbon monoxide level is 12)
 benefits of the proposed system over the existing one:
 Improved Accuracy
 Real-Time Monitoring
 Early Warning Systems
 Data-Driven Decision-Making
 Customized Recommendations
 Environmental Impact Assessment
 Public Awareness
 Scalability
 Research and Policy Support
 9.Future Work
 The future work for the project you've described, which involves predicting air quality based on
environmental data
 Continuously improve and refine the prediction models.
 Extend the system to predict multiple air pollutants simultaneously. This can provide a more
comprehensive view of air quality and its impact on public health.
 Expand the coverage of the system to include a wider geographic area. This could involve integrating
data from additional monitoring stations and environmental sensors to provide air quality predictions
for different regions.
 Analyze historical air quality data to identify long-term trends and seasonal patterns. This information
can be valuable for urban planning and long-term environmental policy decisions.
 Develop interactive data visualization tools that make air quality information accessible and easy to
understand for the general public, policymakers, and researchers.
 Explore opportunities for international collaboration, especially in regions with transboundary air
pollution issues. Sharing data and expertise can lead to more effective solutions.
 10.References:

https://www.valuecoders.com/blog/technology-and-apps/how-ai-and-ml-haverevamped-mo
bile-app-development

 https://theappsolutions.com/blog/development/machine-learning-in-mobile-app
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_(programming_language)
 https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_intro.asp
 https://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2014/06/introduction-random-forestsimplified