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Basic Life Support (BLS) : International Liaison Committee On Resuscitation American Heart Association

The document provides guidance on basic life support (BLS). It outlines the chain of survival and steps for collapsed patient assessment including checking for dangers, response, and shouting for help before assessing airway and circulation. It recommends high-quality chest compressions at a rate of 100-120 bpm and depth of 5-6 cm for adults and 1/3 chest depth for children. Rescue breaths and airway management using pocket masks or bag-valve masks are also described. The use of automated external defibrillators to treat shockable rhythms is covered, including pad placement and safety precautions.

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17 views27 pages

Basic Life Support (BLS) : International Liaison Committee On Resuscitation American Heart Association

The document provides guidance on basic life support (BLS). It outlines the chain of survival and steps for collapsed patient assessment including checking for dangers, response, and shouting for help before assessing airway and circulation. It recommends high-quality chest compressions at a rate of 100-120 bpm and depth of 5-6 cm for adults and 1/3 chest depth for children. Rescue breaths and airway management using pocket masks or bag-valve masks are also described. The use of automated external defibrillators to treat shockable rhythms is covered, including pad placement and safety precautions.

Uploaded by

fulca
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basic Life Support (BLS)

International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation


American Heart Association
Session Content
• Chain of Survival
• Basic Life Support (BLS)
– Collapsed patient assessment
– CPR
• Chest compression – best practice
• Airway Management
• Automated External Defibrillators (AED)
– Recovery position
– Paediatric Modifications to CPR
Chain of Survival
Basic Life Support (BLS)
Collapsed Patient Assessment
D Check for DANGERS
R Check for RESPONSE
S SHOUT for HELP (call 999)

A Assess & Open AIRWAY


B Assess for NORMAL BREATHING &
C NORMAL signs of life (CIRCULATION) for 10
Seconds
Adult Basic Life Support (BLS) Algorithm

Call 999 and ask for an


Ambulance
Quality Chest compressions (RaDaR)
R – Rate 100-120 bpm
a – and
D – Depth 5-6cm
a – and
R – Recoil Allow chest to recoil
between each
compression
Chest Compressions

 Hands on the lower 3rd of the


sternum
 Rate of 100 to 120 per minute
 Depth 5 to 6 cm
 Allow full chest recoil
 Limit frequency and duration
of interruptions
 Avoid excessive ventilation

7
Effective Basic Life Support

 High quality CPR


• Compressions
• Defibrillation
• Rescue Ventilation
Is the basis of
Advanced Life Support

8
Check for Pulse & Breathing
 Less than 10 seconds:
 Look, listen & feel for
NORMAL breathing
 Check carotid pulse
 Do not confuse agonal
respirations with
normal breathing

9
Open the Airway

 No evidence of C-spine
injury – Head tilt/Chin Lift

 Possible C-spine injury –


Jaw Thrust technique

10
Airway Management
Rescue breaths
• Duration - 1 second
• sufficient volume to make the victim’s chest rise.
• Avoid rapid or forceful breaths.
• Resume chest compressions ASAP (within 10 seconds)

Mouth-to-nose ventilation
alternative to mouth-to-mouth ventilation if:
• The victim’s mouth is seriously injured
• a mouth-to-mouth seal is difficult to achieve.

Barrier devices for use with rescue breaths (pocket masks / bag masks)
?decrease transmission of microorganisms during rescue breathing (…In controlled
laboratory settings. Their effectiveness in clinical practice is unknown.)

If used, care should be taken to avoid unnecessary interruptions in CPR.


Rescue Breathing
 Mouth to mask
 Bag/Valve/Mask
 One breath every six
seconds
 Ratio of 2 breaths to 30
compressions during
CPR
 Use highest
concentration oxygen
available
12
Pocket-Mask Devices

1-way valve
Port to attach O2 source

13
Mouth-to-Mask
Ventilation

Fingers: jaw thrust upward Fingers: head tilt–chin lift

14
Bag-Mask Ventilation

 Advantages
– Provides immediate ventilation and oxygenation
– Operator gets sense of compliance and airway resistance
– May provide excellent short-term support of ventilation
– High oxygen concentrations are possible
– Can be used to assist spontaneous respirations
 Potential complications
– Hypoventilation
– Gastric inflation

15
Bag-Mask Ventilation
 Key—ventilation volume: “enough to produce obvious chest rise”

1-Person: 2-Person:
difficult, less effective easier, more effective

16
CPR
Demonstration and Practical
Automated External Defibrillators (AED)
• Between 1-5 per 1000 admissions have a
cardiac arrest
• Overall survival to discharge from hospital
cardiac arrest is 13.5% (All rhythms)
FR2
• The majority of these (80%) are non-
shockable and only 7% survive to discharge
• Only 20% of these are shockable rhythms and
44% of these survive to discharge

In shockable rhythms for every


minute defibrillation is delayed,
the chances of survival reduce
by 10 – 12%
Automated External Defibrillators (AED)
Pad location

This could be used as an alternative


adult pad location
Automated External Defibrillators (AED)
Safety
• Ensure the pads are clear of:
o Fluid
o Medicated skin patches
o Pacemaker
o Jewellery
• Environmental Factors
o Fluid
o Oxygen / Gas – Keep Oxygen at least 1 meter away
o Available space
o Metalic surfaces

• Listen carefully to the AED prompts, ensure nobody is touching the


patient on Analysis and on the Shock Delivery
Automated External Defibrillators (AED)
On Children
• SHOCKABLE RHYTHMS ARE VERY RARE
• Use adult pads on children > 8 years.
• Use Paediatric Defib Key (If available)
• Preferably Use Paediatric Pads on Children 1 – 8
years
– If no Paed pads available, use adult pads
• AED under 1 year – use it if it is
available and says shockable rhythm
Recovery Position
Paediatric BLS modifications
(Healthcare professionals with a duty to respond)
Paediatric BLS modifications
• Compress the chest by about AT LEAST 1/3 of its
depth.

• For a child over 1 year use one or two hands to


achieve an adequate depth

• For a baby under 1 year, use two fingers

• If you are on your own, perform resuscitation for


about 1 minute before going for help.
Summary
• Chain of Survival
 Early Recognition, Early CPR, Early Defibrillation, Post resuscitation care

• Basic Life Support (BLS) Collapsed patient assessment


 DRS ABC: Danger, response, shout for help, Open Airway, assess for breathing and circulation for
10 seconds – call 999

– Adults: 30:2 (begin with chest compressions)


– Children: 15:2 (begin with 5 rescue breaths)

– Quality CPR
• Begin CPR ASAP
 Rate 100-120 BPM
 Depth 5-6cm and allow chest recoil between compressions (child 1/3 of depth of chest)

– Airway Management
 Rescue breaths
 Good seal around airway
 Look for rise of chest
Summary
• Automated External Defibrillators (AED)
 AED increased Survival rate
 Pad position
 Safety

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