Respiratory and
Circulatory
System
Objectives this week
1 2 3 4 5 6
Identify the key Explain how the Describe how the Identify the Explain how Explain the
parts and lungs work. movement of the components of blood is different types
function of the diaphragm helps the circulatory pumped by the of circulation.
the air go in and
respiratory out of the lungs. System. heart.
system.
OBJECTIVES:
7. Explain how blood is pumped
by the heart; and,
8. Explain the mechanism of
how the respiratory and
circulatory systems work
PRE-TEST: Choose the letter of the correct
answer.
1. Which of the following statements about the human
respiratory system is FALSE?
A. The bronchioles branch into bronchi.
B. Alveolar ducts connect to alveolar sacs.
C. When we breathe in, air travels from the pharynx to the
trachea.
D. Gas exchange between the lungs and blood takes place in
the alveolus.
2. Why is the lung considered as the primary organ of
the respiratory system?
A. Because it is the largest organ of the system.
B. Because it has two parts: the right and left lungs.
C. Because it is located near the middle of the chest
cavity.
D. Because it contains the alveoli that is responsible for
gas exchange.
3. Which is the order of airflow during inhalation?
A. Nasal cavity, trachea, larynx, bronchi, bronchioles,
alveoli.
B. Nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles,
alveoli.
C. Nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchioles, bronchi,
alveoli.
D. Nasal cavity, trachea, larynx, bronchi, bronchioles,
alveoli.
4. Which of the following statements about the
circulatory system is false?
A. Blood in the aorta is oxygenated.
B. Blood in the pulmonary vein is oxygenated.
C. Blood in the pulmonary artery is oxygenated.
D. Blood in the inferior vena cava is deoxygenated.
5. Which blood vessel carries blood from all parts
of the body to the heart?
A. Aorta
B. Vena Cava
C. Pulmonary vein
D. Pulmonary artery
NOSE
How do the
lungs work?
What is
Circulatory
System?
Parts of the Human Heart
INFERIOR VENACAVA- CARRIES
DEOXYGENATED BLOOD FROM LOWER
BODY PARTS.
SUPERIOR VENACAVA- CARRIES
DEOXYGENATED BLOOD FROM UPPER BODY
PARTS.
LEFT ATRIUM- RECEIVES
OXYGENATED BLOOD FROM
THE LUNGS.
LEFT VENTRICLE- PUMPS
OXYGENATED BLOOD FROM
THE HEART TO ALL PARTS OF
THE BODY.
RIGHT ATRIUM- RECEIVES
DEOXYGENATED BLOOD FROM
THE UPPER AND LOWER PART
OF THE BODY.
RIGHT VENTRICLE- PUMPS
DEOXYGENATED BLOOD FROM
THE HEART TO THE LUNGS.
PULMONARY ARTERY-
CARRIES DEOXYGENATED
BLOOD FROM THE RIGHT
VENTRICLE TO THE LUNGS.
PULMONARY VEINS- CARRIES
OXYGENATED BLOOD FROM
THE LUNGS TO THE LEFT
ATRIUM.
AORTA- LARGEST ARTERY IN
THE BODY THAT BRINGS
OXYGENATED BLOOD ALL
OVER THE BODY.
VALVE- THE STRUCTURE IN
THE HEART THAT
TEMPORARILY STOPS THE
FLOW OF FLUID OR THAT
ALLOWS FLUID TO MOVE IN
ONE DIRECTION ONLY.
The Heart
This is a vein. It brings These are arteries.
blood from the body, They carry blood
except the lungs. away from the heart.
2 atria
Coronary arteries,
the hearts own
2 ventricles blood supply
The heart has four chambers
now lets look inside the heart
The Heart
Artery to Lungs Artery to Head and Body
Vein from Head and Body
Vein from Lungs
Right Atrium
Left Atrium
valve valve
Right Ventricle Left Ventricle
How does the Heart work?
STEP ONE
blood from the blood from
body the lungs
The heart beat begins when the
heart muscles relax and blood
flows into the atria.
How does the Heart work?
STEP TWO
The atria then contract and
the valves open to allow blood
into the ventricles.
How does the Heart work?
STEP THREE
The valves close to stop blood
flowing backwards.
The ventricles contract forcing
the blood to leave the heart.
At the same time, the atria are
relaxing and once again filling with
blood.
The cycle then repeats itself.
blood from the heart gets around
the body through blood vessels
There are 3 types of blood vessels
a. ARTERY
b. VEIN
c. CAPILLARY
The ARTERY
Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
the elastic fibres allow
the artery to stretch
under pressure
thick muscle and
the thick muscle can
elastic fibres
contract to push the
blood along.
The VEIN
Veins carry blood towards from the heart.
veins have valves
which act to stop the
blood from going in
the wrong direction.
thin muscle and
elastic fibres body muscles surround the veins
so that when they contract to
move the body, they also squeeze
the veins and push the blood along
the vessel.
The CAPILLARY
Capillaries link Arteries with Veins
they exchange materials
between the blood and
other body cells.
the wall of a capillary
is only one cell thick The exchange of materials
between the blood and the
body can only occur through
capillaries.
The CAPILLARY
A collection of capillaries is known as a capillary bed.
artery vein
capillaries
body cell
what’s in
digested food
red blood cells white blood cells
oxygen waste (urea)
carbon dioxide platelets
plasma hormones
The Blood
red blood cell white blood cell
platelets plasma
Functions of the blood
1. Transportation of dissolved gases,
nutrients, hormones and metabolic
wastes.
2. Protection against toxins,
pathogens, and blood loss injuries.
3. Stabilization of body temperature.
Plasma
It also contains useful
things like;
• carbon dioxide
A straw- • glucose
coloured • amino acids
liquid that
carries the • proteins
cells and the • minerals
platelets
which help • vitamins
blood clot. • hormones
• waste materials
like urea.
Red Blood Cells
a biconcave disc contain hemoglobin, a
that is round and molecule specially
designed to hold
flat without a oxygen and carry it to
nucleus cells that need it.
can change shape to
an amazing extent,
without breaking, as
it squeezes single
file through the
capillaries.
White Blood Cells
there are many different types and
all contain a big nucleus.
the two main ones are the
lymphocytes and the macrophages.
macrophages ‘eat’ and digest micro-
organisms .
some lymphocytes fight disease by making antibodies to destroy
invaders by dissolving them.
other lymphocytes make antitoxins to break down poisons.
Platelets
Platelets are bits of cell
broken off larger cells.
Platelets produce
tiny fibrinogen
fibres to form a net.
This net traps other
blood cells to form a
blood clot.
3 types of Blood Circulation
1. Pulmonary Circulation- Movement of blood from
the heart, to the lungs and back to the heart.
2. Coronary Circulation- Movement of blood
through the tissues of the heart
3. Systemic Circulation- Movement of blood from
the heart to the rest of the body, excluding the
lungs.
Our circulatory system is a double circulatory system.
This means it has two parts.
Lungs
the right side of the left side of
the system the system
deals with deals with
deoxygenated oxygenated
blood.
blood.
Body cells
Activity # 2
It’s blog time:
1. How do the heart and the lungs work
together?
2. What takes place when you inhale and
exhale?
3. What does blood deliver to every part of
the body?
4. Why is oxygen important to your body?
