Module 4: Preparedness for
Effective Response
Introduction to Rapid Damage
Assessment and Needs Analysis
(RDANA)
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Contents
Damage Assessment and Needs Analysis – Why. .
When. ..What. .Who. . . .How
Planning Principles and Assumptions
Types of DANA
Survey Assessment Forms
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Objectives
Provide an overview of DANA in terms of
its purposes/objectives, processes,
planning principles and assumptions;
Have a common understanding of various
levels/types of DANA, and
Be familiarized with the survey/
assessment forms that will be used in the
conduct of DANA at various levels.
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Why conduct damage and needs assessment?
Determines the type and extent of damage brought about by a disaster, including its
secondary threats; critical needs of the affected population, and local response
capacity;
Exceptionally crucial due to the impact they can have on relaying “situation on the
ground” to response organizations and government;
Prescribes the priorities for response and recovery activities;
Identifies gaps for resource mobilization, and
Provides the framework for effective organization, mobilization and coordination of
services and resources during and following an emergency or disaster.
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Activities within the scope of DANA include:
Coordinating activities and resources during the response phase immediately
following an emergency or disaster
Facilitating damage and needs assessments to establish priorities and
determine needs of available resources
Support restoration and temporary repair of critical facilities and systems
In-depth sector assessment for medium and long-term relief as well as
rehabilitation and reconstruction assistance
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What is Damage Assessment and Needs Analysis?
An estimation and description of the nature and extent of
damage resulting from a disaster, including existing capacity
in affected areas, to determine the needs and requirements
for purposes of providing assistance.
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What is Rapid Assessment?
A process to be done during the emergency period to
determine extent of damage and needs requirement in
affected areas as basis for decision-making
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What is In-Depth / Detailed / Comprehensive
Assessment?
A process to be done after the initial surveys during and in
the aftermath of a disaster and will cover critical sectors that
have to be addressed for medium and long-term relief such as
early recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction assistance
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Who shall be involved in DANA?
Initial /Emergency Rapid Assessment Team (ERAT)
Size: at least 4 to 5 members
Characteristics: Multi-disciplinary; common interests & shared
commitment; clear/defined responsibilities; variety of skills
Composition:
- Team Leader (IC) - Public Works
- Social Welfare - Communication
- Health - Agriculture
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Who shall be involved in DANA?
In-Depth /Comprehensive Assessment
Size: Depends on the number of impacted sectors
Characteristics: Multi-disciplinary; specialists in impacted sectors; common interests &
shared commitment; clear and defined responsibilities
Composition:
- Team Leader
- Social Welfare (e.g. CISD specialists)
- Health (e.g. Epidemiologists, Emergency Management Specialists, Nutritionists))
- Public Works
- Communications
- Agriculture
- Others
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DANA Process
1. Planning & Preparation 2. Survey & Data Collection
4. Reporting 3. Interpretation and Forecasting
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DANA Process
Key Elements / Activities
1. Planning and Preparation
- baseline data
- survey forms / techniques
- standards / indicators
- coordination mechanism
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Module 1: Introduction to DANA
1.1 Damage Assessment and Needs Analysis –
Why. .When. .What. .Who. . How
DANA Process
Key Elements / Activities
2. Survey and Data Collection
- should be done rapidly and thoroughly
- observe patterns / indicators of potential problems
- identify sources of info
- triangulation of info
- focus on the disaster situation and needs of the population
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DANA Process
Key Elements / Activities
3. Interpretation and Forecasting
• Incoming assessment data has to be thoroughly analyzed and interpreted in
order to become meaningful and useful information for decision- makers:
- Cross check and compare reports, check against baseline data for validity
- Differentiate chronic and disaster-related needs
- Avoid generalization
- Detect and recognize trends and indicators of problems
- Link information to action programs
- Estimate how the situation might develop in the future (This requires
input of specialists who have had extensive experience in previous
emergencies)
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DANA Process
Key Elements / Activities
4. Reporting
- data should be presented in an easy consistent format
- remember that DANA reports become the basis of decision-
makers to formulate action plans and programs
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DANA Process
Key Elements / Activities
5. Monitoring
- assessments to be seen as a continuous process of re-ev
evaluating the need and appropriateness of response,
rehabilitation and recovery interventions
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Planning Assumptions
The Philippines or any part thereof or an ASEAN Member State/s
(AMS) will sustain damage and the infrastructures may be difficult
to coordinate
Access to the affected area will be dependent upon the re-
establishment of ground, air, rail and water routes. Gradual clearing
of access routes will permit a sustained flow of emergency relief
efforts and further assessments.
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Planning Assumptions
Rapid assessment of the affected area must be made to
determine critical response priorities and infrastructure
demands.
Immediate response and recovery activities may exceed the
capabilities of the region
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DANA Planning Principles
All disaster events are local responsibility
Primary responsibility lies with the affected local and national
government
Outside Agencies, whether regional or international, play a
support role …..
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DANA Planning Principles
Planning is the cornerstone for all events worldwide
Priority is humanitarian needs
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Types of Assessment:
Initial or Rapid
In-Depth / Detailed / Comprehensive
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Initial assessment identifies:
Magnitude of event (estimation of figures)
Impact on infrastructure and society
Urgent relief needs and methods for delivery
The level of continuing and emerging threats
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Initial Assessment
Determines emergency relief and immediate response requirements
Conducted immediately, as soon as it is safe for the assessment
teams
Is broad in scope
Guide for request of international assistance
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In-Depth / Comprehensive /Detailed Assessment
Determines long- term recovery and development requirements /
options
Conducted over two to four weeks depending on the accessibility of
the affected area
Carried out by specialists in the sector concerned
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Survey / Assessment Forms
Initial or Rapid Assessment
- ASEAN ERAT Standard Assessment Form
a. covers rough estimates of:
> affected population
> affected areas (worst affected)
> area accessibility
> effects on infrastructures, lifelines and critical
facilities, public/private properties
b. response operations
c. priority relief needs and other items
d. Assessors’ field notes / observations
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Survey / Assessment Form
In-Depth / Detailed / Comprehensive Assessment
- To be done by sectors impacted by the disaster
- Guide questions
- Checklists
- Standards/Indicators
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ASEAN ERAT Standard Survey Form
TEAM MEMBER ITINERARY DATE TIME
Name of Location
Administrative Unit & Division
Local Authorities Interviewed (Name & Title)
Estimated Total Population
Worst-Affected Area(s)
Area(s) Currently Inaccessible
FIELD NOTES:
ASEAN Standard Survey Form
Team Member:_____________________ Date: __________ Time:____________
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ASEAN ERAT Standard Survey Form
BUILDINGS NUMBER (#) PERCENTAGE (%)
Minor Damage
Major Damage
Destroyed
FIELD NOTES:
Team Member:_____________________ Date: __________
Time:____________
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ASEAN ERAT Standard Survey Form
LIFELINES & CRITICAL FACILITIES Number Damaged Number Destroyed
(LCF)
Roadways
Bridges
Communication Networks
Health Facilities
Electricity Network
Water Supply System
FIELD NOTES:
ASEAN Standard Survey Form
Team Member:_____________________
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ASEAN ERAT Standard Survey Form
Agriculture /Fisheries Type Percentage (%) Losses
Crops
Livestock
FIELD NOTES:
ASEAN Standard Survey Form
Team Member:_____________________
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Date: __________ Time:____________
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ASEAN ERAT Standard Survey Form
Effects on Population
Primary Affected Population
Number Dead
Number Missing
Number Injured
Number Homeless
Number Evacuated in Public Shelters
FIELD NOTES:
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ASEAN Standard Survey Form
Team Member:_____________________ Date: __________ Time:____________
ASEAN ERAT Standard Survey Form
Secondary Threats
Potentially Hazardous Sites
FIELD NOTES:
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ASEAN Standard Survey Form
Team Member:_____________________ Date: __________ Time:____________
ASEAN ERAT Standard Survey Form
RESPONSE OPERATIONS Agency/Organization Name Assistance Provided
National / Local Gov’t.
NGOs /International Orgs.
FIELD NOTES:
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ASEAN Standard Survey Form
Team Member:_____________________ Date: __________ Time:____________
ASEAN ERAT Standard Survey Form
LOGISTICS & DISTRIBUTION
Storage Facilities
Means of Transport and
Fuel
Distribution Criteria
FIELD NOTES:
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ASEAN Standard Survey Form
Team Member:_____________________ Date: __________ Time:____________
ASEAN ERAT Standard Survey Form
PRIORITY RELIEF NEEDS & Specifications Quantity
ITEMS
FIELD NOTES:
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ASEAN Standard Survey Form
Team Member:_____________________ Date: __________ Time:____________
ASEAN ERAT Standard Survey Form
INFORMATION SOURCES:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
GENERAL FIELD COMMENTS:
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ASEAN Standard Survey Form
Team Member:_____________________ Date: __________ Time:____________
ASEAN ERAT Standard Survey Form
CONTACT POINTS
Name of Authority/Org.
Name of Official In-Charge
His/Her Title / Rank
Office Telephone No.
Office Fax No. / Email Address
Emergency 24-Hr. Contact No.
Street Address
Responsibility Coordinating domestic response at national level.
Focal Point for international response
Coordinating arrival of relief goods/distribution
Coordinating response at local level
Relief / response action
Scientific Monitoring
Others: ___________________________
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Standard AsianForm
Survey Disaster Reduction Center
Team Member:_____________________ Date: ________ __ Time:____________
QUESTIONS?
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RAPID DAMAGE ASSESSMENT AND NEEDS ANALYSIS (DANA) TRAINING
Group Activity: Cascading of Hazards
Instruction:
1. List the various hazards the city may face. You can use the following
checklist as a starting point and sample.
Typhoon/Cyclones/Hurricanes Earthquake
Human Conflict Fire
Dam Failure Flood
Airplane crash Hazardous material spill/release
Terrorism Landslide/Mudslide
Tornado Mass fatality incident
Train derailment Sustained power failure
Epidemic Others
Volcanic eruption
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RAPID DAMAGE ASSESSMENT AND NEEDS ANALYSIS TRAINING (DANA)
Group Activity: Cascading of Hazards
Instruction:
2. Prioritize these hazards in terms of probability (P) or likelihood to happen
and impact (I). Use the formula (P + I Divided by 2 = average) as basis for
ranking of identified hazards. (Highest-lowest)
3. Identify the risks and/or secondary effects from the primary hazards that
may likely to affect the city. Consider such factors as:
• Frequency of occurrence.
• Magnitude and intensity.
• Location (affecting critical areas or infrastructure).
• Spatial extent.
• Speed of onset and the availability of warning.
• Potential severity of consequences to people, critical facilities, community functions,
and property.
• Potential cascading events (e.g., damage to chemical processing plant, dam
failure).
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RAPID DAMAGE ASSESSMENT AND NEEDS ANALYSIS TRAINING (DANA
Group Activity: Cascading of Hazards
Instruction:
3. Identify what secondary effects from those hazards are
likely to impact the city?
E.g.
• Communication system breakdown
• Power outages
• Transportation blockages
• Business interruptions
• Mass evacuations/displaced population
• Overwhelmed medical/mortuary services
• Others
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RAPID DAMAGE ASSESSMENT AND NEEDS ANALYSIS TRAINING (DANA
Group Activity: Cascading of Hazards
Instruction:
3. Identify what secondary effects from those hazards are likely
to impact the city?
E.g. Earthquake
Landslide Dam Bldg. Utility
Major Transport
Failure Collapse Malfunction
Accident
Bldg.
Collapse Flood
Fire Chemical Fire
Explosion Spill
Utility Bldg.
Failure Collapse
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RAPID DAMAGE ASSESSMENT AND NEEDS ANALYSIS TRAINING
(DANA
Group Activity: Cascading of Hazards
Instruction:
3. Area
Identify what geographic area(s) or facility location(s) is
(are) most vulnerable to the high priority hazards?
4. Plans and Procedures
What plans and procedures:
(Emergency response plan, contingency plan, operational
plan, standard operating procedures ) will guide your ERAT
response to an event?
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Thank You…
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