COMPUTER

GRAPHICS
 TWO DIMENSIONAL
TRANSFORMATION/
2D TRANSFORMATION
 What is transformation?
There are various type of transformation in computer
graphics through which an image can be processed ,
edited ,& altered.
 TRANSFORMATION
• Geometric Transformation : Object is • Co-ordinate transformation : In
changed or position is changed. coordinate transformation when
coordinates changes then only object
changes.
 TYPES OF GEOMETRIC TRANSFORMATION

1. TRANSLATION:
2. ROTATION:
3. SCALING:
 TRANSLATION
 TRANSLATION
• It is the straight line movement of an object from one position to another is called Translation.
• Suppose, If point (X, Y) is to be translated by amount Tx and Ty to a new location (X’, Y’) then new coordinates
can be obtained by adding Tx to X and Ty to Y as:
• X’=X + Tx
• Y’=Y + Ty , where (x , y) are points before translation and (x ’, y’)are points after translation.
• Tx and Ty are also known as an translation vector.
 Translation of new point
=+
Homogenous co-ordinates of translation
T=
 TRANSLAT
ION OF
POINT
P(x , y)are points before translation
and P(x’, y’)are points after
translation.
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TRANSLATION OF OBJECT
It is achieved by shifting the object from one position to the other
position with a parameter tx in x direction and ty in y direction.
• Translate a polygon with co-ordinates A(3,4) B(6,8) C(7,5) by 3units in x-direction and 2units in y-
direction?

SOLUTION :
GIVEN : A(3,4) B(6,8) C(7,5) =3 =2
A’=A+T + =+= A’=(6,6)
B’=B+T+ B’=(9,10)
C’=C+T+=+= C’=(10,7)
 Before translation

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
 After translation
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
 ROTATION
 Rotation is a type of transformation that is which is used in computer graphics
and image processing. Rotation is a process of rotating an object considering an
angle in a two-dimensional plane.
It is a process of changing the angle of the object. Rotation can be clockwise or
anticlockwise . When we rotate an object every point is rotated with same angle.
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Let's now consider a point object
O which has to be rotated from
one angle to another.
Initial co-ordinates of the object O = (Xold, Yold)

Initial angle of the object O with respect to origin = Φ

Rotation angle = θ

New co-ordinates of the object O after rotation = (X new, Ynew)

 ROTATION IN
ANTICLOCKWISE
DIRECTION.
(X’,Y’)=
ROTATION IN CLOCKWISE
DIRECTION.
(X’ , Y’)=
 Formula when co-ordinates are given
R=

Where R represent Rotation

And to find new co-ordinates the formula is ,
*R=
*
We will get the new co-ordinates.
 • At a point (5,4) is rotated in counter clockwise direction by an angle of find the
rotation matrix and result point if the rotation is done by about the rotation?

SOLUTION:
COUNTER CLOCKWISE FORMULA:
=
(X , Y)=(5,4)
(X’ , Y’)=?
THEREFORE,
(X’ , Y’)=
(X’ , Y’)=
(X’ , Y’)=
(X’ , Y’)= (X’ , Y’)=
 SCALING
 What is scaling?
The process of changing size of an object is called scaling .We can scale an
object by scaling x and y co-ordinates of each vertex of an object.
x’=x*sx
y’=y*sy
Where sx is the scaling factor in x-direction and sy is the scaling factor in y-
direction.

=
=
  Scale a polygon with co-ordinates A(1,2)
B(2,3) C(2,2) by 2 unit in x direction and 2 units in y direction?

Given:
A(1,2) B(2,3) C(2,2)
2 units in x-direction & 2units in y direction.
4 Before Scaling

1 2 3 4
 After Scaling
=
=
=
A’=(2,3)
B’=(4,6)
C’=(4,4)
 After scaling

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8