INTRODUCTION TO THE WEB

INTERNET

• The Internet is a global network of networks that enables computers of all kinds to directly
and transparently communicate and share services throughout the world. In 1969 the
precursor of Internet is born: ARPAnet. ARPA = Advanced Research Projects Agency was
sponsored by the American Department of Defense (DOD). It was designed to connect
military research centers. It is a distributed computer system able to survive a nuclear
attack. In 1970, ARPA starts developing the Transmission Control Protocol / Internet
Protocol (TCP/IP), a technology for connecting networks of different types (produced by
different companies). Other networks appear, such as CSNET and BITNET. People around
the world share ideas, information, comments, and stories
WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)

• The World Wide Web allows computer users to locate and view multimedia-
based documents (i.e., documents with text, graphics, animations, audios or
videos) on almost any subject. Even though the Internet was developed more
than three decades ago, the introduction of the World Wide Web is a
relatively recent event.
WEB CONTENT

• Web content is the textual, visual or aural content that is encountered as part
of the user experience on websites. It may include, among other things: text,
images, sounds, videos and animations.
HTML WEB CONTENT

• Even though we may embed various protocols within web pages, the "web
page" composed of "html" (or some variation) content is still the dominant
way whereby we share content. And while there are many web pages with
localized proprietary structure (most usually, business websites), many
millions of websites abound that are structured according to a common core
idea
TYPES OF WEBSITE CONTENT

• Static Web Site

• Dynamic Web Site
STATIC WEB SITE

• A static web page (sometimes called a flat page) is a web page that is
delivered to the user exactly as stored. Consequently a static web page
displays the same information for all users, from all contexts, subject to
modern capabilities of a web server to negotiate content-type or language of
the document where such versions are available and the server is configured
to do so.
ADVANTAGES OF STATIC WEBSITE

• No programming skills are required to create a static page.

• Inherently publicly cacheable (i.e. a cached copy can be shown to anyone)
• No particular hosting requirements are necessary.
• Can be viewed directly by a web browser without needing a web server or
application server, for example directly from a CDROM or USBDrive.
DISADVANTAGES OF STATIC WEBSITE

• Any personalization or interactivity has to run client-side (ie. In the browser),

which is restricting.
• Maintaining large numbers of static pages as files can be impractical without
automated tools
DYNAMIC WEB SITES

• A dynamic web page is a kind of web page that has been prepared with fresh
information (content and/or layout), for each individual viewing. It is not
static because it changes with the time (ex. A news content), the user (ex.
preferences in a login session), the user interaction (ex. web page game), the
context (parametric customization), or any combination of the foregoing.
TWO TYPES OF DYNAMIC WEB SITES

• Client-side scripting and content creation

• Server-side scripting and content creation
CLIENT-SIDE SCRIPTING AND CONTENT
CREATION

• Such web pages use presentation technology called rich interfaced pages.
Client-side scripting languages like JavaScript or ActionScript, used for
Dynamic HTML (DHTML) and Flash technologies respectively, are
frequently used to orchestrate media types (sound, animations, changing text,
etc.) of the presentation.
SERVER-SIDE SCRIPTING AND CONTENT
CREATION

• Using server-side scripting to change the supplied page source between

pages, adjusting the sequence or reload of the web pages or web content
supplied to the browser. Server responses may be determined by such
conditions as data in a posted HTML form, parameters in the URL, the type
of browser being used, the passage of time, or a database or server state.
APPLICATION AREAS OF DYNAMIC WEBSITE
Dynamic web page is required when following necessities arise:
• Need to change main pages more frequently to encourage clients to return to site.
• Long list of products / services offered
• Introducing sales promotion schemes from time to time
• Need for more sophisticated ordering system with a wide variety of functions
• Tracking and offering personalized services to clients.
• Facility to connect Web site to the existing back-end system
WEB BROWSERS

• A web browser is a software program that allows a user to locate, access, and
display web pages. In common usage, a web browser is usually shortened to
"browser."
WEB SERVER

• A web Server is a program that automatically downloads pages from the

Web.An application server works with a Web server to handle requests for
dynamic content, such as servlets, from Web applications
WEB TECHNOLOGIES

• HTML, which stands for Hypertext Markup Language, is the predominant

markup language for web pages.
WEB PAGE ADDRESSES (URLS)

• URL is the abbreviation of Uniform Resource Locator and is defined as the

global address of documents and other resources on the World Wide Web
THE PARTS OF A URL