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Experiment No 6 - Operators Overloading in C++

The document discusses operator overloading in C++. It explains that C++ allows users to redefine or overload operators like increment (++) and decrement (--) operators. These operators can be overloaded as member or non-member functions. The prefix and postfix forms of increment and decrement operators are distinguished by adding an int parameter, with a default value of 0. Overloading these operators allows them to operate on user-defined types like classes, extending their functionality beyond built-in types. Examples are provided to demonstrate overloading the prefix and postfix forms of increment and decrement operators.

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50 views8 pages

Experiment No 6 - Operators Overloading in C++

The document discusses operator overloading in C++. It explains that C++ allows users to redefine or overload operators like increment (++) and decrement (--) operators. These operators can be overloaded as member or non-member functions. The prefix and postfix forms of increment and decrement operators are distinguished by adding an int parameter, with a default value of 0. Overloading these operators allows them to operate on user-defined types like classes, extending their functionality beyond built-in types. Examples are provided to demonstrate overloading the prefix and postfix forms of increment and decrement operators.

Uploaded by

vinayak kumar
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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EXPERIMENT NO 6

OPERATORS
OVERLOADING IN C++
by: Dr. Ram Paul Hathwal
Dept of CSE, ASET, AUUP
The Increment and Decrement Department of Computer
Operators in C++ Science and Engineering

C++ operator overloading is one of the most powerful features of C++ that allows
a user to change the way the operator works.
The increment (++) and decrement (--) operators are two important unary operators
available in C++.
You can redefine or overload the function of most built-in operators in C++.
These operators can be overloaded globally or on a class-by-class basis.
Overloaded operators are implemented as functions and can be member functions
or global functions.
You overload the prefix increment operator ++ with either a nonmember function
operator that has one argument of class type or a reference to class type, or with a
member function operator that has no arguments 2
Why do we need Operator Department of Computer
overloading in C++? Science and Engineering

Operators in C++ like +, -, *, / can operate in datatypes like int, float, double etc
as predefined operational meanings.
But these operators can’t operate in user-defined datatypes like objects without
extension or adding some sort of code to alter their operational meaning.
Such a way of extending the operational functionality of certain operators in C++
is called operator overloading.
To extend the meaning of an operator, an operator function is defined with a
keyword operator followed by the operator symbol.

Note : If increment/decrement operators are used before variable, they are called
prefix operators i.e ++x. And if increment/decrement operators are used
after variable, they are called postfix operators i.e x++.

3
Prefix Increment Operator Department of Computer
Science and Engineering

class X { The postfix increment operator ++ can be


public: overloaded for a class type by declaring a
// member prefix ++x
void operator++() { } };
nonmember function operator operator++
class Y { }; () with two arguments, the first having class
// non-member prefix ++y type and the second having type int.
void operator++(Y&) { } Alternatively, you can declare a member
function operator operator++() with one
int main() {
X x; argument having type int.
Y y; The compiler uses the int argument to
// calls x.operator++() distinguish between the prefix and postfix
++x; increment operators. For implicit calls, the
// explicit call, like ++x
x.operator++();
default value is zero.
// calls operator++(y)
++y;
// explicit call, like ++y
operator++(y); } 4
Postfix Increment Operator Department of Computer
Science and Engineering

class X { The compiler uses the int argument


public: to distinguish between the prefix
// member postfix x++
and postfix increment operators.
void operator++(int) { }; };
For implicit calls, the default value
class Y { };
// nonmember postfix y++ is zero.
void operator++(Y&, int) { };  The prefix and postfix
int main() { decrement operators follow the
X x; same rules as their increment
Y y; counterparts.
// calls x.operator++(0)
//default argument of zero is supplied by compiler
x++;
// explicit call to member postfix x++
x.operator++(0);
// calls operator++(y, 0)
y++;
// explicit call to non-member postfix y++
5
operator++(y, 0); }
Another Example Department of Computer
Science and Engineering

// unary_operator_overloading.cpp //after increment/decrement


#include <iostream> cout<<"\nAfter increment/decrement\n";
using namespace std; cout<<"x ="<<x.count_plus<<"\n";
class CheckCount { cout<<"y ="<<y.count_minus<<"\n";
public: return 0; }
int count_plus, count_minus;
CheckCount() {
count_plus = 0;
count_minus = 2; };
void operator ++() { ++count_plus; } // count increment
void operator --() { --count_minus; } // count increment };
int main() {
check_count x, y; //creating objects
//before increment/decrement
cout << "x =" << x.count_plus<<"\n";
cout <<"y =" << y.count_minus<<"\n";
++x;
--y;
Prefix ++ Increment Operator Department of Computer
Overloading with no return type Science and Engineering

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Check {
private:
int i;
public:
Check(): i(0) { }
void operator ++() { ++i; }
void Display() { cout << "i=" << i << endl; } };
int main() {
Check obj;
// Displays the value of data member i for object obj
obj.Display();
// Invokes operator function
void operator ++( ) ++obj;
// Displays the value of data member i for object obj
obj.Display();
return 0;
}
Department of Computer
Science and Engineering

Thanks!…
Any question?

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