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Patch Antenna Design With MATLAB

This document discusses the design of microstrip patch antennas using MATLAB. It describes the basic components of a patch antenna including the ground plane, dielectric substrate, radiating patch, and feed. Common patch shapes are rectangular, circular, triangular, and elliptical. Parameters like patch length and dielectric thickness and constant that impact antenna performance are also covered. Different feeding techniques for exciting the patch such as coaxial probe feeding, microstrip line feeding, and aperture coupling are explained.

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Mohit Kumar Singh
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371 views8 pages

Patch Antenna Design With MATLAB

This document discusses the design of microstrip patch antennas using MATLAB. It describes the basic components of a patch antenna including the ground plane, dielectric substrate, radiating patch, and feed. Common patch shapes are rectangular, circular, triangular, and elliptical. Parameters like patch length and dielectric thickness and constant that impact antenna performance are also covered. Different feeding techniques for exciting the patch such as coaxial probe feeding, microstrip line feeding, and aperture coupling are explained.

Uploaded by

Mohit Kumar Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Patch Antenna Design with MATLAB

 In its most fundamental form, a Microstrip Patch antenna


consists of a radiating patch on one side of a dielectric
substrate which has a ground plane on the other side.
 The patch is generally made of conducting material such as
copper or gold and can take any possible shape. The
radiating patch and the feed lines are usually photo etched
on the dielectric substrate.
 The patch is generally square, rectangular, circular,
triangular, and elliptical or some other common shape as
shown in Figure.
 For a rectangular patch, the length L of the patch is usually
0.3333λo <L<0.5λo, where λo is the free-space wavelength.
 The patch is selected to be very thin such that t <<λo (where t
is the patch thickness).
 The height h of the dielectric substrate is usually 0.003
λo≤h≤0.05 λo.
 The dielectric constant of the substrate (εr) is typically in the
range 2.2 ≤ εr≤ 12.
 For good antenna performance, a thick dielectric substrate
having a low dielectric constant is desirable since this provides
better efficiency, larger bandwidth and better radiation.
 However, such a configuration leads to a larger antenna size. In
order to design a compact Microstrip patch antenna, substrates
with higher dielectric constants must be used which are less
efficient and result in narrower bandwidth.
 Hence a trade-off must be realized between the antenna
dimensions and antenna performance.

 A patch antenna is made of several components:

 First is the ground plane which acts as the reference for


the antenna to sit on top.
 Next is the dialectic layer, which is the FR4 PCB
material.
 Then there is the antenna structure which will radiate at the
desired frequency.
 The last piece is the antenna feed, this is where we will
attach our signal to the antenna. This can be an SMA
connector.

Coaxial probe feed


Perhaps the most common type of feeding techniques is the direct probe feed.
For a rectangular patch, where the centre conductor of a coaxial feed line
penetrates the substrate to make direct contact with the patch. For linear
polarization, the patch is usually fed along the centre line, y = W /2. The feed
point location at x = x f controls the resonant input resistance. The input
resistance is highest when the patch is fed at the edge, and smallest (essentially
zero) when the patch is fed at the centre(x = L /2).
Microstrip feed line
Another common feeding technique, preferred for planar fabrication, is the
direct-contact microstrip feed line. An inset notch is used to control the
resonant input resistance at the contact point. The input impedance seen
by the microstrip line is approximately the same as that seen by a probe at
the contact point, provided the notch does not disturb the modal field
significantly.
Aperture coupling
Aperture Coupling is another type of EMC feed first proposed this type of
feed to increase the bandwidth of the MSA. The RF energy from the feed
line is coupled to the radiating element through a common aperture in the
form of a rectangular slot. It mainly consists of two substrates separated by
a ground plane. Top substrate is for the radiating element and the bottom
substrate is for the feed-line. A slot is made in the ground plane to provide
coupling between the feed line and patch.

For the sake of maximum coupling the slot is usually placed at the centre and
it is perpendicular to the feed line, as a result the patch and the slot may
share common centre. The length of the slot should be kept somehow larger
than the width of the slot. The diagrammatic setup for aperture coupling is
shown below.

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