1 Stress

MECHANICS OF
DEFORMABLE BODIES
ENGR. ALEXANDER IAN R.

LAYSON
Instructor 1
SIMPLE STRESS:
Simple stress are expressed as the ratio of the applied force divided by the
resisting area or:
𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒆
𝝈=
𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂
It is the expression of force per unit area to structural members that are
subjected to external forces and/or induced forces. Stress is the lead to accurately
describe and predict the deformation of a body.
Simple stress can be classified as normal stress, shear stress, and bearing stress.
Normal stress develops when a force is applied perpendicular to the cross-sectional
area of the material. If the force is going to pull the material, the stress is said to be
tensile stress and compressive stress develops when the material is being stressed by
two opposing forces. Shear stress is developed if the applied force is parallel to the
resisting area. Example of which is the bolt that holds the tension rod in its anchor.
Another condition of shearing is when we twist a bar along its longitudinal axis which
is called torsion. Another type of simple stress is bearing stress, wherein it is the
contact pressure between two bodies.
Normal Stresses
Stress is defined as the strength of a material per unit area or unit strength. It is
the force on a member divided by area, which carries the force, formerly express in psi,
now in N/mm or MPa.
2
𝝈=𝑷
𝑨
where P is the applied normal load in Newton and A is the area in mm2. The maximum
stress in tension or compression occurs over a section normal to the load.
Normal stress is either tensile stress or compressive stress. Members subject to

pure tension (or tensile force) is under tensile stress, while compression members
(members subject to compressive force) are under compressive stress.
Normal stress is either tensile stress or compressive stress. Members subject to
pure tension (or tensile force) is under tensile stress, while compression members
(members subject to compressive force) are under compressive stress.
Compressive force will tend to shorten the member. Tension force on the other
hand will tend to lengthen the member.
Example 1:
A composite bar consists of an aluminum section rigidly fastened between a
bronze section and a steel section as shown in the figure 1.1 below. Axial loads are
applied at the positions indicated. Determine the stress in each section.
Figure 1.1
Solution:
To calculate the stresses, we must first determine the axial load in each section.
The appropriate free-body diagrams are shown in figure 1.2 below from which we
determine Pbr=4000 lb (tension) and Pst=7000 lb (compression).
Example 2:
A hollow steel tube with an inside diameter of 100 mm must carry a tensile load of 400
kN. Determine the outside diameter of the tube if the stress is limited to 120 MN/m2.
Figure 1.3
Example 3:
A homogeneous 800 kg bar AB is supported at either end by a cable as shown in Fig.
Calculate the smallest area of each cable if the stress is not to exceed 90 MPa in bronze
and 120 MPa in steel.
Figure 1.4
PRACTICE PROBLEMS:
1. The homogeneous bar shown in Fig. 1.5 is supported by a smooth pin at C and a
cable that runs from A to B around the smooth peg at D. Find the stress in the cable if
its diameter is 0.6 inch and the bar weighs 6000 lb. (Answer: 10458.72 psi)
Figure 1.5
2.) A rod is composed of an aluminum section rigidly attached between steel and bronze
sections, as shown in Fig. 1.6. Axial loads are applied at the positions indicated. If P = 3000
lb and the cross-sectional area of the rod is 0.5 in2, determine the stress in each section.
(Answer: 𝝈𝒔𝒕 = 𝟐𝟒 𝒌𝒔𝒊; 𝝈𝒂𝒍 = 𝟐𝟒 𝒌𝒔𝒊; 𝝈𝒃𝒓 = 𝟏𝟖 𝒌𝒔𝒊)
Figure 1.6
3.) An aluminum rod is rigidly attached between a steel rod and a bronze rod as shown in
Fig. 1.7. Axial loads are applied at the positions indicated. Find the maximum value of P
that will not exceed a stress in steel of 140 MPa, in aluminum of 90 MPa, or in bronze of
100 MPa. (Answer: 10000 N)
Figure 1.7

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MECHANICS OF

ENGR. ALEXANDER IAN R.

Normal stress is either tensile stress or compressive stress. Members subject to

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