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Expressions: © University of Linz, Institute For System Software, 2004 Published Under The Microsoft Curriculum License

The document discusses operators and expressions in C# and their precedence and operand types. It covers arithmetic, comparison, boolean, bitwise, shift, and overflow check expressions as well as the typeof and sizeof operators.

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47 views9 pages

Expressions: © University of Linz, Institute For System Software, 2004 Published Under The Microsoft Curriculum License

The document discusses operators and expressions in C# and their precedence and operand types. It covers arithmetic, comparison, boolean, bitwise, shift, and overflow check expressions as well as the typeof and sizeof operators.

Uploaded by

api-3734769
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Expressions

© University of Linz, Institute for System Software, 2004


published under the Microsoft Curriculum License
1
Operators and their Priority
Primary (x) x.y f(x) a[x] x++ x-- new typeof sizeof checked unchecked
Unary + - ~ ! ++x --x (T)x
Multiplicative * / %
Additive + -
Shift << >>
Relational < > <= >= is as
Equality == !=
Logical AND &
Logical XOR ^
Logical OR |
Conditional AND &&
Conditional OR ||
Conditional c?x:y
Assignment = += -= *= /= %= <<= >>= &= ^= |=

Operators on the same level are evaluated from left to right (e.g. in x + y - z).
The unary operators +, -, ~, ! as well as type casts are evaluated from right to left:
- (int) x ⇔ - ((int) x)
2
Arithmetic Expressions
Operand types must be
- numeric or char
- operands of ++ and -- must be numeric or enumeration constants
(++ and -- work also on float and double!)

Result type
Smallest numeric type that includes both operand types, but at least int.

Note
- uint => long
- ulong => illegal

uint • (sbyte | short | int) => long


ulong • (sbyte | short | int | long) => illegal
decimal • (float | double) => illegal

3
Comparisons
Operand types
- <, >, <=, >=: numeric, char, enum
- ==, !=: numeric, char, enum, bool, reference types
- x is T: x: expression of arbitrary type, T: reference type
e.g.: obj is Rectangle
objOfValueType is IComparable
3 is object
arr is int[]

Result type
bool

4
Boolean Expressions (&&, ||, !)
Operand types
bool

Result type
bool

Short-circuit evaluation (conditional evaluation)


a && b => if (a) b else false
a || b => if (a) true else b

Useful in
if (p != null && p.val > 0) ...
if (x == 0 || y / x > 2) ...

5
Bit Expressions (&, |, ^, ~)
Operand types
- & (and):
| (or): integer type, char, enum, bool
^ (xor):
- ~ (not): integer type, char, enum
- if the operand types are not identical the operand with the smaller type is converted to
the larger type prior to the operation

Result type
- largest of the two operand types
- for numeric types and char the result type is at least int

6
Shift Expressions
Operand types for x << y and x >> y
- x: integer type oder char
- y: int

Result type
type of x, but at least int

Note
>> does a logical shift for unsigned types and an arithmetic shift for signed types

7
Overflow Checks
Overflow is not checked by default

int x = 1000000;
x = x * x; // -727379968, no error

Overflow checks can be turned on

x = checked(x * x); //  System.OverflowException

checked {
...
x = x * x; //  System.OverflowException
...
}

Overflow checks can also be turned on with a compiler switch

csc /checked Test.cs

8
typeof and sizeof
typeof
• Returns the Type descriptor for a given type
(the Type descriptor of an object o can be retrieved with o.GetType()).

Type t = typeof(int);
Console.WriteLine(t.Name); //  Int32

sizeof
• Returns the size of a type in bytes.
• Can only be applied to value types.
• Can only be used in an unsafe block (the size of structs may be system dependent).
Must be compiled with csc /unsafe xxx.cs

Console.WriteLine(sizeof(int));
unsafe {
Console.WriteLine(sizeof(MyEnumType));
Console.WriteLine(sizeof(MyStructType));
}

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