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Ozone Layer

This document summarizes information about the ozone layer, how it is depleted, and its protection. It discusses the structure of the atmosphere and the role of the ozone layer in the stratosphere absorbing ultraviolet radiation. Ozone is depleted by chlorine from chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) which react to break down the ozone molecules. Increased UV radiation due to ozone layer depletion causes health and environmental effects like skin cancer and damage to plants. Control of ozone layer depletion involves banning CFCs and developing alternatives to reduce chlorine in the atmosphere.

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Kundan Kumar
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50 views12 pages

Ozone Layer

This document summarizes information about the ozone layer, how it is depleted, and its protection. It discusses the structure of the atmosphere and the role of the ozone layer in the stratosphere absorbing ultraviolet radiation. Ozone is depleted by chlorine from chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) which react to break down the ozone molecules. Increased UV radiation due to ozone layer depletion causes health and environmental effects like skin cancer and damage to plants. Control of ozone layer depletion involves banning CFCs and developing alternatives to reduce chlorine in the atmosphere.

Uploaded by

Kundan Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Environment & Ecology

Code : CY10I008CY
UNIT – 3
Environmental Pollution and its Control

Ozone - Layer Depletion

Department of Chemistry
National Institute of Technology, Raipur 1
Outlines
 Structure of atmosphere
 General information about ozone
 Function of Ozone
 Formation of Ozone
 Ozone layer depletion
 Effects of Ozone layer depletion
 Control of Ozone layer depletion
 Discussion
2
Structure of atmosphere

3
General Information About ozone

 Pure Ozone is a blue gas with a strong irritating smell


 When inhaled, it causes headache and nausea
 It is 1.5 times heavier than air and vapor density of 24,
corresponding to the formula O3
 It more soluble than Oxygen in water, about 49% by
volume at 0°C

4
Function of ozone

 Ozone is an important chemical component of our


atmosphere
 It is present in the STRATOSPHERE layer of atmosphere
with an altitude of 17-35 km
 Concentration is 10 ppm
 It act as protective shield of the life on earth as it absorbs
“ULTRA VIOLET radiations (220-330 nm)” of light
coming from SUN
 Also known as “UMBERELLA” of the earth
5
Formation of ozone
Formation of ozone takes place in two ways:
1. In stratosphere, ozone is formed by PHOTOCHEMICAL
REACION
O2 + hv (242nm) O+O

O + O2 + M (third body, such as N2 or O2) O3 + M

2. In troposphere, NO (nitric oxide) is responsible ozone


during formation of photochemical smog
2NO + O2 2NO2
NO2 NO + O
O + O2 O3

6
Ozone layer depletion

Ozone is destroyed by chlorine, released due to volcanic


activity and also by reaction with
(a) Nitric oxide (NO)
(b) Atmospheric oxygen (O2)

(c) Reactive hydroxyl radical (HO˚) present in atmosphere


(d) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) used in refrigerator, air-
conditioners, propellants in aerosol sprays and in plastic
foams, such as “Thermocole” or “Styrofoam”
(a) O3+ NO NO2 + O2
(b) O3 + O O 2 + O2
(c) O3 + HO˚ HO2 + HOO˚
HOO˚ + O HO˚ + O2 7
Ozone layer depletion

(d) CF2Cl2 CF2Cl + Cl


Chlorofluorocarbon Chlorine

Cl + O3 ClO + O2
Chlorine
monoxide

ClO + O Cl + O2
Chlorine

The environmental hazards of CFC’s were recognized as early


as 1970. “Ozone Hole” was first detected over the Antarktica
during September to November 1985.
8
Effects of ozone layer depletion

More UV-radiation reaching to the earth. Exposure to UV-radiation


can cause (In humans)
 Increase the incidence of cataract, inflammation of cornea and
conjunctiva
 Non-melanoma (skin cancer) and malignant melanoma
 Cancer
 Sunburn (short term exposure), photo aging (long term exposure)
 Decline the function of immune system
 Dam age nucleic acid (mutation) in living organism

9
Effects of ozone layer depletion

More UV-radiation reaching to the earth. Exposure to UV-radiation


(In plants)
 Cause burning of plants
 Inhibit photosynthesis rate in plants and phytoplanktons
 Affect the growth rate
 Cause genetic mutation

10
Control of ozone layer depletion

 CFCs and closely related compounds (carbon tetra chloride,


methyl chloroform etc) used in refrigerators, air conditioners,
propellants, solvents etc, should be banned
 By developing alternatives of CFCs
 By increasing public awareness

(16 September, Ozone layer prevention day)

11
Thank you

12

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