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Writing and Balancing Equations

This document provides information about writing and balancing chemical equations. It discusses what chemical formulas tell us about elements and atoms in compounds. It also outlines objectives for learning about naming salts based on the base and acid used to form them, writing word equations, and balancing symbol equations. Lesson content includes examples of naming common salts, constructing word equations from chemical reactions, and techniques for balancing equations by adding coefficients to make equal numbers of atoms on both sides of the reaction arrow.

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Mannat KHICHA [07R17M]
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81 views22 pages

Writing and Balancing Equations

This document provides information about writing and balancing chemical equations. It discusses what chemical formulas tell us about elements and atoms in compounds. It also outlines objectives for learning about naming salts based on the base and acid used to form them, writing word equations, and balancing symbol equations. Lesson content includes examples of naming common salts, constructing word equations from chemical reactions, and techniques for balancing equations by adding coefficients to make equal numbers of atoms on both sides of the reaction arrow.

Uploaded by

Mannat KHICHA [07R17M]
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Writing and Balancing

What does the formula of the compound tell us?

In copper sulphate, CuSO4 there are four atoms of oxygen


and one atom of sulphur for each one of copper.

CuSO4 Cu - 1 How many elements and

S- 1 atoms in…

O- 4 KNO3 Na3PO4
K2CO3 (NH4)2SO4
 The number of elements
 The number of atoms in a compound
Lesson Objectives
Level 5
• State the name of a salt given the base and the
acid used to form it.

Level 6
• Be able to construct word and therefore write
symbol equations.

Level 7-9
• Balance symbol equations.
Forming Salts
When an acid reacts with a base, a neutralisation reaction
occurs and produces a chemical called a salt.

acid + base  a salt

The name of the salt depends on the names of the reactants.

 The first part of the salt’s name comes from the base:
e.g. sodium hydroxide  sodium…

 The second part of the salt’s name comes from the acid:
e.g. sulfuric acid  sulfate…

For example, if sodium hydroxide neutralises sulfuric acid,


the product is a salt called sodium sulfate.
Common Acids
Acid HCl Chlorides

Sulphuric Nitric Salts

Nitrates Formula H2SO4

HNO3 Sulphates Hydrochloric

Acid Formula Salts


hydrochloric HCl chlorides
sulphuric H2SO4 sulphates
nitric HNO3 nitrates

Create a table
Naming Salts
What is a salt and how do we
name them?

METAL OXIDE ACID

salt made from….


chlorides hydrochloric acid
sulphates sulphuric acid
nitrates nitric acid
Naming Salts
copper oxide
copper chloride
hydrochloric acid
zinc oxide zinc chloridehydrochloric acid
magnesium
magnesium
oxide sulphate
sulphuric acid
magnesium
magnesium
oxide nitrate nitric acid

salt made from….


chlorides hydrochloric acid
sulphates sulphuric acid
nitrates nitric acid
Now try naming any 5 of the following…

1 Magnesium + Hydrochloric acid  Magnesium chloride

5
 Lead nitrate
2 Lead + Nitric acid
Zinc nitrate
3 Zinc + Nitric acid 
Copper sulphate

4 Copper + Sulphuric acid 


5 Iron oxide + Nitric acid  Iron nitrate

6
Zinc sulphate
6 Zinc oxide + Sulphuric acid 
Lead chloride
7 Lead + HCl 
Copper sulphate

8 Copper oxide + Sulphuric acid 


9 Cr2O3 + HNO3  Chromium nitrate

7
 Tin sulphate
10 SnO2 + H2SO4
Iron sulphate
11 Fe2O3 + H2SO4 
Ammonium chloride

Lesson Objectives
Grade 5
• State the name of a salt given the base and the
acid used to form it.

Grade 6
• Be able to construct word and therefore write
symbol equations.

Grade 7-9
• Balance symbol equations.
Constructing equations
Zinc chloride Ca(NO3)2

Calcium sulphate ZnCl2

Magnesium sulphate NaNO3

Calcium chloride CaSO4

Calcium nitrate MgSO4

Sodium nitrate FeSO4

Iron sulphate CaCl2


Constructing equations
Copper oxide CuO

Zinc oxide CuCl2

Sodium hydroxide ZnO

Magnesium chloride ZnSO4

Zinc sulphate Cu(NO3)2

Copper chloride MgCl2

Copper nitrate NaOH


Word equations
• Alkali + acid salt + water
• Base + acid salt + water
• Metal + acid salt + hydrogen

sodium hydrochloric sodium


+  + water
hydroxide acid chloride

calcium sulphuric calcium


+  + water
oxide acid sulphate

hydrochloric magnesium
magnesium +  + hydrogen
acid chlordie
Word equations
• Choose 8 equations write in the words and
formulas for each chosen.

Hydrogen + Oxygen  Water

H2 + O2  H2O

If you get stuck….


 try something easier
 ask the person next to you
 ask me.
BALANCING EQUATIONS
IMPORTANT
• ATOMS CANNOT BE CREATED OR DESTROYED!
Hydrogen + chlorine  hydrogen chloride
H2 + Cl2  HCl

Remember: Hydrogen and Chlorine are diatomic

+ 

REACTANTS PRODUCTS

2 H atoms This is impossible as it implies that atoms 1 H atom


2 Cl atoms have been destroyed.
1 Cl atom
What do we do?
We need to make the number of atoms equal on both sides of
the equation, in order to get the equation to BALANCE.
What do we do?
We need to make the number of atoms equal on both sides of
the equation, in order to get the equation to BALANCE.

Equation is now balanced, as there are the same number


hydrogen atoms (2) and the same number of chlorine atoms
(2) on the products and reactant side.
Firstly you need an equation with the correct “formulae” in………. You’ll
probably be given this in the question

Just like this one

Mg + O2  MgO
Then all you do is list the atoms that are involved on each
side of the arrow

Mg + O2  MgO
Mg
O
Then start balancing:

[1] Just count up the atoms on each side

Mg + O2  MgO
1 Mg 1

O
2 1

[2] The numbers aren’t balanced so then add “BIG” numbers to


make up for any shortages

Mg + O2  2 MgO
1 Mg 1 2
O
2 1 2

And adjust totals


But the numbers still aren’t equal, so add another “BIG”
number

2 Mg + O2  2 MgO
2 1 Mg 2
O
2
2

And adjust totals again

NOW BOTH SIDES HAVE EQUAL NUMBERS OF


ATOMS

WE SAY THAT THE


EQUATION IS BALANCED!!
Balancing Equations
hydrochloric magnesium
magnesium +  + hydrogen
acid chloride
Mg + 2 HCl  MgCl2 + H2

sodium hydrochloric sodium


+  + Water
oxide acid chloride
Na2O + 2 HCl  2 NaCl + H2O

sodium sulphuric sodium


+  + Water
oxide acid sulphate
Na2O + H2SO4  Na2SO4 + H2O
Balancing Equations
hydrochloric magnesium
magnesium +  + hydrogen
acid chloride
Mg + 2 HCl  MgCl2 + H2

sodium hydrochloric sodium


+  + Water
oxide acid chloride
Na2O + 2 HCl  2 NaCl + H2O

Now try to balance the symbol equations for the 8 reactions you chose.

If you get stuck….


 try something easier
 ask the person next to you
 ask me.

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