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Computing Fundamentals

This document provides an overview of computing fundamentals including an introduction to computers, their components, and basic concepts. It discusses that a computer is an electronic device that processes data according to programmed instructions. It then outlines why studying computing fundamentals is important as computers are used in many fields. The document proceeds to define input and output devices, hardware and software components, and the central processing unit (CPU) which acts as the computer's brain and performs all processing. It also describes the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) as a circuit within the CPU that performs arithmetic and logical operations. The document concludes by discussing computer storage including primary and secondary storage as well as random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM).

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Muneeba Nawaz
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25 views

Computing Fundamentals

This document provides an overview of computing fundamentals including an introduction to computers, their components, and basic concepts. It discusses that a computer is an electronic device that processes data according to programmed instructions. It then outlines why studying computing fundamentals is important as computers are used in many fields. The document proceeds to define input and output devices, hardware and software components, and the central processing unit (CPU) which acts as the computer's brain and performs all processing. It also describes the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) as a circuit within the CPU that performs arithmetic and logical operations. The document concludes by discussing computer storage including primary and secondary storage as well as random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM).

Uploaded by

Muneeba Nawaz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computing

Fundamentals

LECTURE 1 & 2
Computer
An Electronic Device For Storing And Processing Data, Typically In Binary Form,
According To Instructions Given To It In A Variable Program.
WHY STUDY
COMPUTING
FUNDAMENTALS

In these days, Computer is used in almost every field of life


Prototype design of different Chemical Reaction
machines simulations
Well & Reservoir Monitoring
Computer takes some input from user, process it,
and returns output or stores it.

 Output devices
INPUT DEVICES
Hardware & Software

 Hardware are the tangible  Software are the intangible


components of computer components of computer that
 E.g. Printer, Speakers we can only see.
 E.g. Microsoft windows,
Microsoft word
 Your body cant operate without your brain

 CPU

 The brain of computer. All the processing in computer is done


by this component
CPU
 The Brain Of Computer. All The Processing In Computer Is
Done By This Component

Hardware Device

 Every instruction, no matter how simple has to go through the CPU


 Cpu has different components and ALU (Arithmetic and Logic Unit) is one of
them. Its role is to perform all mathematical and logical operations
ALU (Arithmetic & Logic Unit)

A circuit In CPU that performs Arithmetic And Logical operations

>
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==
Input Provided To Computer And Output produced by
It must be stored at some place
Storage in computers
1. PRIMARY STORAGE VS. SECONDAY STORAGE

 RAM HARD DISK

 ROM USB
RAM VS. ROM

 RAM (Random Access  ROM (Read Only Memory)


Memory) is volatile. is non volatile
 It is faster and expensive.  It is cheaper and slower than
 Data in RAM can be read- RAM.
write.  ROM is read-only memory.
How does a CPU work

Fetch
Decode
Execute
How does a CPU work (Cont.)
Fetch The Instructions From Main Memory
Decode The Instructions to know the operation to be
performed
Execute The Instructions
For construction of a house what is
the first step
Algorithms
 Algorithm is step by step instructions given to
computer for solving a particular problem
Calculating Average Marks Of Students In
Classroom

 Step 1: Take input from user

 Step 2: Add all marks

 Step 3: Divide the sum of marks with total number of students

 Step 4: Return average marks as output


Program

 It is also set of instructions given to the computer for performing particular task. A
program is written in a specific language called programming language.

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