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Data Representation Using Floating Point and IEEE Conventions

This document discusses floating point number representation and character representation in computers. It explains: 1) Floating point numbers use scientific notation with a sign, mantissa, and exponent. In computers, they use binary floating point representation specified by IEEE with 32 or 64 bits. 2) It provides an example of representing -53/8 in 32-bit floating point format. 3) Character representation in computers uses the ASCII standard where each character is represented by an 8-bit code.

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11 views9 pages

Data Representation Using Floating Point and IEEE Conventions

This document discusses floating point number representation and character representation in computers. It explains: 1) Floating point numbers use scientific notation with a sign, mantissa, and exponent. In computers, they use binary floating point representation specified by IEEE with 32 or 64 bits. 2) It provides an example of representing -53/8 in 32-bit floating point format. 3) Character representation in computers uses the ASCII standard where each character is represented by an 8-bit code.

Uploaded by

blacku22
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer

Programming
CS F111
BITS Pilani
Dubai Campus
BITS Pilani
Dubai Campus

Data Representation- Floating Point


Floating Point Nos
• Scientific notation: +6.023 x 10+23
• Sign, Mantissa (normalized), Exponent
• Computer: binary Floating point (IEEE Floating point rep)
•Single precision = 32 bits (shown in figure: 1 sign bit., 8 exponent, 23 mantissa)
•Double Precision = 64 bits (1 sign bit, 10 exponent, 53 mantissa)

S: sign bit (0  non-negative, 1  negative)


Normalize significand: 1.0 ≤ |significand| < 2.0
– Always has a leading pre-binary-point 1 bit, so no need to represent it
explicitly (hidden bit)
– Significand is Fraction with the “1.” restored when performing calculation
Exponent: excess representation: actual exponent + Bias
– Ensures exponent is unsigned
– Single: Bias = 127; Double: Bias = 1203

BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus


Floating Point Nos
• Eg: represent -53/8 (-6.625) in IEEE Floating point (32 bits)

•Step 1: Express in binary -110.101

• Step 2: Normalize -1.10101 x 22 (Value should be same)

• Step 3: Get the biased exponent = actual exponent + bias


2 + 127 = 129 (Stored Exp)

• Step 4: Represent 129 in binary 10000001

•Step 5: s=1(-ve no), exponent=10000001


mantissa = 101010000 (23 bits). Note: Leading 1 is not stored

1 10000001 1010 1000 0000 0000 000


BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus
Floating Point Nos
• For mantissa, leading 1 is implied
• Its normalized in the form 1.bbbbb…
• Shift the point and adjust exponent so that value is not changed
• Biased exponent is used for simple exponent manipulations
• Eg: Represent in decimal

-ve No Stored Exp = Mantissa = 1.10101


Actual Exp – 127 = = 1.6563

Actual Exp = 123 – 127


= -4
Final Value = 1.6563 x 2-4= -0.10351875

• Exponent range = -126 to 254 (0 & 255 have special meaning)

BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus


Floating Point Eg.
a) Represent –0.75
– –0.75 = (–1)1 × 0.112 × 20 = (–1)1 × 1.12 × 2–1
– S=1
– Fraction = 1000…002
– Exponent = –1 + Bias
• Single: Exponent = –1 + 127 = 126 = 011111102
1 01111110 1000…00
• Double: Exponent = –1 + 1023 = 1022 = 011111111102
1 01111111110 1000…00

b) -150.75 Repr in IEEE FP (32 bits)


150.75 = (10010110.11)2
= 1.001011011 × 27
Biased Exponent E = Actual Exponent + bias = 7 + 127 = 134 = (1000 0110)2
Sign Exponent Mantissa/Fraction
1 1000 0110 00101101100..

BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus


Floating Point Eg.
What number is represented by the single-
precision float
1 10000001 01000…00
– S=1
– Fraction = 01000…002
– Exponent = 100000012 = 129

x = (–1)1 × (1 + .012) × 2(129 – 127)


= (–1) × 1.25 × 22
= –5.0

BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus


Character Representation
• Representation.eg ‘A’ = ? , ‘0’ = ? , ‘%’ = ?

• ASCII standard is used.


‘ ‘ = 32, ‘A’ = 65, ‘B’ =66, ‘a’ = 97, ‘0’ = 48
• 8 bits are used to represent a character.
• Zero-extended when stored in 16/32 bit words
• ASCII value of character ‘1’
= ASCII value of ‘0’ + 1 = 48 + 1 = 49
• ASCII values of upper case ‘A, ‘B’, ‘C’ & lower case ‘a’, ‘b’, ‘c’

BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus


Character Representation

BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus

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