Getting Started
(http://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/getStarted/
index.html)
Objectives
• About the Java Technology
• What can Java Technology do?
• How can Java support platform-
independence?
• Java Platform
• Set up Environment Variables
• The first Java program in the NetBeans
• Structure of a Java program.
• End users run Java Programs
About the Java Technology(1)
History
– 1990, James Gosling, Bill Joy, Patrick Naughton(Sun
Microsystem) developed the Oak language for
embedding programs to devices such as VCR, PDA
(personal data assistant). The Oak programs require:
- Platform independent/- Extremely reliable/ - Compact
– 1993, interactive TV and PDA failed, Internet and Web
were introduced, Sun change the Oak to an internet-
development environment with a new project, named
Java.
– 1994, the Sun’s HotJava Browser was introduced
(written using Java). It showed the strength of Java
applets and abilities to develop Java application.
About the Java Technology(2)
History…
• Embedded Systems (1991 – 1994)
• A client – side Wonder (1995 – 1997)
• Moved into the Middle – tier (1997 – to
present)
• Future: may gain more success
About the Java Technology(3)
The Java Programming Language is a high-level
language. It’s characteristics:
• Simple Architecture neutral(chạy
• Object oriented trên bất kỳ nền tảng nào)
Portable
• Distributed
High performance(vừa
• Multithreaded compile vừa chạy ). Chạy
• Dynamic linking song song được.
Robust
Secure
What can Java Technology do?
Using Java, we can:
• Development Tools. Desktop Application
• Application ( Console App, GUI Apps)
Programming Interface Web-based Applications
(API). Network-based
Applications
• Deployment Game
Technologies. Distributed
• User Interface Toolkits. Applications(tương tác qua
mạng)
• Integration Libraries. Embedding Application
(Apps on Devices)
How can Java support platform-
independence?
file.java (plain text)
Java Compiler
Javac.exe
Platform-Independent
Java byte-code: file.class
Java Runtime Interpreter / Java Virtual
Machine (java.exe)
IBM Macintosh Sparc
Java Virtual Machine
• The Java Virtual Machine is an
abstract computing machine.
Like a real computing machine,
it has an instruction set and
manipulates various memory
areas at run time. It is
reasonably common to
implement a programming
language using a virtual
machine; the best-known
virtual machine may be the P-
Code machine of UCSD Pascal.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_virtual_machine
More details:
https://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jvms/se8/html/jvms-1.html#jvms-1.1
Java Platform
• A platform is the hardware or software environment
in which a program runs.
• The Java platform has two components:
• The Java Virtual Machine
• The Java Application Programming Interface (API)
Operating System
Set up Environment Variables
After installing JavaSE
(Java Development Kit Standard
Edition),
environment
variables should be
setup to point to the
folder in which JavaSE
is installed.
Steps: My Computer/
Properties/
Advanced/Environment
Variables/System
Variables/ Path/ Edit
Why? The point at the beginning of the CLASSPATH means that
classes will be searched first in the current working folder.
The first Java program in the NetBeans
This program will show the string “Hello
World” to the screen.
Steps
1- Create a new Java NetBeans project
2- Add a Java class
3- Write code
4- Compile/Run the program
Step 1- New
Project
If this option is
checked,
NetBeans will
automatically
generate a
class, named
Main, for the
project.
If this option is not checked,
we can create some
programs in one project.
New Project…: Initial Project Structure
In Windows Explorer
In NetBeans
Step 2: Add a
Java Class
Package:
Subdirectory of the
folder Project/SRC
Read
recommendation
In this demo, we do not specify
package intentionally
Add a Java
Class…
In Windows Explorer In NetBeans
Step 3: Write code
Step 4: 4 ways to Compile/Run program
in NetBeans
Result:
End users run Java Programs
Users can not run Java programs in NetBeans
but in Java Runtime Environment (jre) installed
(Java.exe) and related files
Syntax for running a Java program:
Re-try it using Helloworld, helloworld Give comments
End users run Java Programs…
If the environment
variable was setup
with “.;”, we can run it
at the working folder
as:
K: Change working drive to K
cd Change working directory
End users run Java Programs…
Developer
should support
end users an
easier way to
run the
program: a
BAT file
Explain JDK and its tools
• javac (Java compiler)
• java (Java interpreter)
A Closer Look at the "Hello
World!" Application
• Comments
• Traditional /*this is a comment*/
• Comment to line end //this is an end of line comment
• Class declaration
• public class ClassName { ... }
• For example: public class HelloWord { ... }
• The main Method – Entry point of Java program
• public static void main(String[] args) {..}
• public and static can be written in either order
• The main method accepts a single argument: an array of
elements of type String. A demonstration for passing strings to
the main method will be presented in the next session.
Common Problems (and Their
Solutions)
• Compiler Problems
'javac' is not recognized as an internal or external
command, operable program or batch file
->Updating the PATH variable in the JDK
• Syntax Errors (All Platforms)
• Semantic Errors
• Runtime Problems
• Exception in thread "main"
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError
Classname
• Could not find or load main class HelloWorld.class
is incorrect
Try and Explore
Change To – If no error, try run it
public class HelloWorld public class HelloWorld2
public class HelloWorld class HelloWorld2
public static void main(String[] args) public static void main(String args[])
public static void main(String[] args) public void main(String[] args)
public static void main(String[] args) void main(String[] args)
Summary
• An overview of Java technology as a whole.
• What to download, what to install, and what
to type, for creating a simple "Hello World!"
application.
• Discusses the "Hello World!" application.
• Trouble compiling or running the programs.
