Introduction To Automobile Engineering

INTRODUCTION TO AUTOMOBILE
ENGINEERING
• Automobile engineering is the one of the
stream of mechanical engineering. It deals
with the various types of automobiles, their
mechanism of transmission systems and its
applications.
• Automobiles are the different types of vehicles
used for transportation of passengers, goods,
etc.
CLASSIFICATION OF VEHICLES
On the Basis of Load :
– (a) Heavy transport vehicle (HTV) or heavy motor vehicle (HMV), e.g.
trucks, buses, etc.
– (b) Light transport vehicle (LTV) e.g. pickup, station wagon, etc.
– (c) Light motor vehicle (LMV), e.g. cars, jeeps, etc.
On the Basis of Wheels :

(a) Two wheeler vehicle, for example : Scooter, motorcycle, scooty, etc.
(b) Three wheeler vehicle, for example : Auto rickshaw, three wheeler scooter
and tempo, etc.
(c) Four wheeler vehicle, for example : Car, jeep, trucks, buses, etc.
(d) Six wheeler vehicle, for example : Big trucks with two gear axles each
having four wheels
On the Basis of Fuel Used
(a) Petrol vehicle, e.g. motorcycle, scooter, cars,
etc.
(b) Diesel vehicle, e.g. trucks, buses, etc.
(c) Electric vehicle, e.g. battery drive
(d) Steam vehicle, e.g. an engine which uses steam.
(e) Gas vehicle, e.g. LPG and CNG vehicles, where
LPG is liquefied petroleum gas and CNG is
compressed natural gas.
• On the Basis of Body
– (a) Sedan with two doors
– (b) Sedan with four doors
– (c) Station wagon
– (d) Convertible, e.g. jeep, etc.
– (e) Van
– (f) Special purpose vehicle,
• Transmission
– (a) Conventional vehicles with manual
transmission, e.g. car with 5 gears.
– (b) Semi-automatic
– (c) Automatic : In automatic transmission, gears
are not required to be changed
• Position of Engine
– Engine in Front : Most of the vehicles have engine
in the front. Example : most of the cars, buses,
trucks in India.
– Engine in the Rear Side: Very few vehicles have
engine located in the rear. Example : Nano car.
LAYOUT OF AN AUTOMOBILE CHASIS
COMPONENTS OF THE AUTOMOBILE
• (a) The Engine or Power Plant : It is source of power.
• (b) The Frame and Chassis : It supports the engine,
wheels, body, braking system, steering, etc.
• (c) The transmission which transmits power from
the engine to the car wheels. It consists of clutch,
transmission, shaft, axles and differential.
• (d) The body fitted on chassis.
• (e) Accessories including light, air
conditioner/hearer, stereo, wiper, etc.
FUNCTIONS OF MAJOR COMPONENTS OF AN
AUTOMOBILE
• Chassis and Frame:
The chasis is formed by the frame with the frame
side members and cross members. The frame is
usually made of box, tubular and channel members
that are welded or riveted together. In addition to
this, it comprises of the springs with the axles and
wheels, the steering system and the brakes, the fuel
tank, the exhaust system, the radiator, the battery
and other accessories. Along with this the frame
supports the body.
• Engine or Power Plant :
The engine is the power plant of the vehicle. In
general, internal combustion engine with petrol or
diesel fuel is used to run a vehicle. An engine may
be either a two-stroke engine or a four-stroke
engine.
An engine consists of a cylinder, piston, valves,
valve operating mechanism, carburetor (or MPFI in
modern cars), fan, fuel feed pump and oil pump,
etc. Besides this, an engine requires ignition system
for burning fuel in the engine cylinder.
• Transmission System (Clutch and Gear Box):
The power developed by the engine is
transferred to the wheels by transmission
system.
• Clutch :
The purpose of the clutch is to allow the driver
to couple or decouple the engine and
transmission.
• Braking System:
Brakes are used to slow down or stop the vehicle.
Hydraulic brakes are generally used in automobiles,
where brakes are applied by pressure on a fluid.
Mechanical brakes are also used in some vehicle
• Steering System :
The steering wheel is placed in front of driver. It is
mechanically linked to the wheels to provide the
steering control. The primary function of the
steering system is to provide angular motion to
front wheels so that vehicle can negotiate a turn.
• Front Axle
A part of the weight of vehicle is transmitted
to the wheels through this axle. The front axle
performs several functions.
• Suspension System
Suspension system of an automobile
separates the wheel and axle assembly of the
automobile from its body. Main function of
the suspension system is to isolate the body of
the vehicle from shocks and vibrations

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INTRODUCTION TO AUTOMOBILE

On the Basis of Wheels :

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