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Unit1-STS-1

This document discusses the historical development of science and technology throughout ancient civilizations like the Sumerians, Babylonians, and Egyptians. It describes some of their major technological advancements including irrigation systems, wheeled vehicles, maps, astrology, hieroglyphic writing systems, papyrus paper, cosmetics, and early timekeeping devices. The document aims to show how ancient societies solved problems related to transportation, communication, production, security, health, aesthetics and architecture through scientific and engineering innovations.

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Zhaena Julien Balce
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38 views25 pages

Unit1-STS-1

This document discusses the historical development of science and technology throughout ancient civilizations like the Sumerians, Babylonians, and Egyptians. It describes some of their major technological advancements including irrigation systems, wheeled vehicles, maps, astrology, hieroglyphic writing systems, papyrus paper, cosmetics, and early timekeeping devices. The document aims to show how ancient societies solved problems related to transportation, communication, production, security, health, aesthetics and architecture through scientific and engineering innovations.

Uploaded by

Zhaena Julien Balce
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HISTORICAL

ANTECEDENTS IN THE
COURSE OF SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY
BY ENGR. CRISELDA O. CARINO
OBJECTIVES

1 Discuss the interactions


between science, technology
and society throughout history.

2 Discuss how scientific and


technological developments
affect Society.
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN
DIFFERENT AGES
• Problems in the Past:

1. transportation and navigation


2. communication and record keeping
3. mass production
4. security and protection
5. Health
6. aesthetics
7. architecture
TRANSPORTATION AND NAVIGATION
COMUNICATION AND RECORD KEEPING
MASS PRODUCTION
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN ANCIENT
TIMES

MAJOR TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT

SUMERIANS- Cooperative, developed many things


connected with S & T

BABYLONIANS- Great builders, engineers,


and architects

EGYPTIANS- Infrastructures, engineering technology


SUMERIAN CIVILIZATION

The oldest civilization in the world is thought to have been


in Sumeria, which is situated on the southernmost point of
ancient Mesopotamia. Sumer was in the southern
counterpart of "Akkad," whose inhabitants gave Akkad the
same meaning as Sumer—"Land of the Civilized Kings."
They were also known as "The land of the black-headed
people" by the Sumerians.
CUNEIFORM

The first writing system made


use of word pictures and
triangle symbols that were
etched onto clay using wedge-
shaped tools before being
allowed to dry.
URUK CITY

The first real city in the world is Uruk City. The Sumerians constructed the city
entirely out of river mud or clay that they combined with reeds to create sun-
baked bricks. They built walls around the city to keep wild animals and
neighborhood raiders out and used bricks to construct homes that shielded
people from the severe weather.
THE GREAT ZIGGURAT OF UR

It was constructed
around 2100 BCE by
King Ur-Nammu of the
Sumerian city-state of
Ur. This ziggurat was
dedicated to the moon
god Nanna (or Sin in
Sumerian), and it
served as a religious
Also called "The Mountain of center.
God,"
IRRIGATION AND DIKES

Dikes and irrigation canals were built by the


Sumerians to control river flooding while also
providing water to farmlands.
SAILBOATS

These were used to carry large quantities of


products and were able to cover large distances.
WHEEL

The early wheels were


designed for farm work
and food processing, not
for transportation.
Farmers could mill grains
faster and with less effort
thanks to the invention of
the wheel.
ROADS

It sped up and improved


the organization of the
traffic flow. The same
method was utilized to
create the roadways as it
was to create the sun-
baked bricks that were
placed on the ground.
BABYLONIAN CIVILIZATION

The Babylonian civilization emerged near the Tigris and


Euphrates Rivers. Babylonia was a state in ancient
Mesopotamia. The city of Babylon, whose ruins are
located in present- day Iraq, was founded more than
4,000 years ago. Known for their engineering and
architecture, one of their major contributions is the
Hanging Gardens of Babylon, one of the seven wonders
of the ancient world, made by King Nebuchadnezzar II
for Queen Amytis.
HANGING GARDENS OF BABYLON
BABYLONIAN CIVILIZATION

FIRST MAP- In 2300 BC, a Babylonian cartographer drew the


first map of the world on a clay tablet. A little area of Babylonia
during the Akkadian Empire is seen on the map.

ASTROLOGY AND HOROSCOPY- It was believed that the


celestial bodies possessed divine powers that controlled people's
lives in ancient Babylon. People used constellations to predict the
weather, climate, and seasons as well as to help them choose which
crops to sow. The cycles of the sun and moon were analyzed by
ancient Babylonian astronomers to make this prediction.
EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION

They were experts in the sciences and knowledgeable in a wide range of subjects,
including astronomy, medicine, and mathematics. They used the scientific
concepts they found as the foundation for many of their most well-known
innovations. Along with extensive anatomical knowledge, they possessed a wide
range of treatments and medications for both people and animals. Early physicians
employed extremely crude herbal treatments during the Stone Age. Ancient
Egyptians were experts in the sciences and possessed knowledge in a wide range
of subjects, including astronomy, medicine, and mathematics. They used the
scientific concepts they found as the foundation for many of their most well-
known innovations. Along with extensive anatomical knowledge, they possessed a
wide range of treatments and medications for both people and animals. Early
physicians employed very basic types of treatment during the Stone Age.
PAPYRUS
Paper's forerunner is
papyrus. It is created from
the papyrus plant, Cyperus
papyrus, which was
widely cultivated in Egypt
along the Nile River. They
were able to prepare the
plants to create thin sheets
that might be used for
writing.
INK

It was used to record history,


culture, and established laws
using chemicals combined
with soot to create inks of
various hues.
HIEROGLYPHICS

It is a system of writing using symbols


(logographic system), the Egyptians believe that
it was provided to them by gods.
COSMETICS

These were employed for both aesthetic and health-related


purposes. In order to treat illnesses, the Egyptians wore Kohl, an
eye cosmetic made by combining soot or malachite with the
mineral galena. Egyptians thought that being beautiful was a
symbol of holiness and that anyone wearing makeup was
shielded from evil.
WIGS

Instead of being worn for aesthetic reasons, they were


worn for health and wellness. They were used to
shield the rich Egyptians' shaved heads from the sun's
rays.
CLOCK
One of the first societies to
divide days into equal sections
through the use of timekeeping
mechanisms was the ancient
Egyptians. Egyptians created the
obelisk and the clepsydra, a sort
of water clock that uses gravity
to change the flow of water from
one vessel to another in order to
tell the time.

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