Value Added Course on

Assembling
the x86
standard workstation

By
SRINIVAS. C.K.
Sr. Lecturer
Dept Of CSE
BITM, BELLARY
 COMPUTER
• Common Operating Machine Particularly
Used for Trade Education & Resource
purpose

• Def: Is an Electronic Machine which takes

the raw data, process the raw data & gives
the meaning full output.

• Advantages : Accuracy ,Speed , Storage.

 Computer is divided into 3 categories
• 1) Hardware
• 2) Software
• 3) Firmware
• 1) Hardware : All the electronic, Mechanical , Physically parts of the computer
combinedly called as Hardware.
• 2) Software : Is a set of instructions upon which the computer acts is called Software.

• Software is classified into a) System s/w b) Application S/w.

• System Software: The software that instructs the computer to control & manage its
internal functions called as system software. Eg: DOS , WINDOWS LINUX, Etc.

• Application Software : The Software which performs a particular data processing job
on system is called as Application software. Eg : MS-Office , Tally, Game s/w Etc.
 Methodology of building a PC
Learners should be able to:
 Insert processor in motherboard.
Attach heat-sink to the processor.
Attach motherboard to case.
Attach heat-sink power lead to the motherboard.
Connect power supplies for fans.
 Connect main power connectors from PSU to motherboard.
Insert appropriate type of RAM into DIMM slots.
Insert graphics card into motherboard or connect onboard graphics.
Connect wire for power-switch to the motherboard.
Connect front USB ports if available.
Connect CD/DVD Drive using the appropriate type of data cable and
power connector.
Connect Hard-drive using the appropriate type of data cable and
power connector.
 Connect microphone and speaker sockets.
 Connect all case fans to PSU or motherboard
 Connect wires for case LEDs.
 Motherboard

A motherboard is the central or primary

circuit board making up a complex
electronic system, such as a modern
computer. It is also known as a main
board, baseboard, system board, logic
board.
Motherboard Design
• Unpack the computer case. Discard its
plastic wrap. Put on an antistatic wrist
strap, and attach it to ground.

• Unscrew the big screws on the back of the

case. Pull on the side latch to open the
case. Take the power cord and the brown
box out of the case. Open the brown box to
find a bag of screws and brass standoffs.
Take five brass standoffs out of the bag.
Look for four brass standoffs already installed at the back of the case:
Fix with the three standoffs on the bottom and the three standoffs in the middle:
Use a hammer to tap the face plate out of the case:
• Open the motherboard box and find a
replacement face plate.
• Tap the replacement face plate into the
case, with two holes at the top and three
holes at the bottom.
• The face plate has three tabs bent into
the case; bend them further so that they
are at 90 degrees to the plate.
Take the motherboard out of its box, and lay it on a non-metallic flat

surface, such as a wooden table:

Look at the pattern of silver-circled holes
on the motherboard; those will eventually
line up with the brass standoffs in the
case.

Move the brass standoffs if necessary to

match the motherboard.
Unpack the DIMM. Push apart the two white DIMM holders on the ends of the blue

DIMM slot on the motherboard:

Push the DIMM solidly into the blue DIMM slot:
Pull the CPU-socket locking lever slightly out, then up to vertical:
Take the CPU out of its plastic container and off of the black foam,

revealing an array of gold pins:

Put the CPU into the CPU socket, with the
CPU triangle on top of the triangle marked
on the motherboard; opposite corner from
the lever.

When the CPU is aligned properly with the

socket, it will drop gently into the socket.
Push the CPU-socket locking lever back to its original position:
Take the plastic cover off the heatsink. Put the
heatsink on top of the CPU, with the gray
square face down on top of the CPU, and with
the big black clip toward the center of the
Motherboard.
Make sure that the big black clip is pointing up, and push the silver hook

onto the black tab below it:

Do the same with the silver hook on the other side. Make sure that both
hooks are firmly below their tabs. Rotate the big black clip---it will push
back at you somewhat---and hook it into place:
Attach the dangling plug into the three pins at the edge of the motherboard
labelled ``CPU fan.'' Orient the plug so that its lips hook around the pins:
Lay the case flat on its side. Put the motherboard gently into the case:
Slide the motherboard towards the edge of the
case; it will fit snugly into the face plate (under
the three tabs that you bent earlier) and the
brass standoffs will be visible through the holes.
Screw nine small Phillips-head screws
into the nine holes. Don't overtighten.
The case has several slots for expansion cards, each slot covered by a plate.
Unscrew the second plate from the top. Plug in, and screw in, the video card:
Unhook the 3.5'' drive cage from the case:
Take the 3.5'' drive cage out of the case:
Plug in the Zalman fan. Plug the fan connector into the fan resistor:
Change the hard drive jumper from CS to
Slave. Slide the hard drive into the middle
of the 3.5'' drive cage, slightly more than
halfway, so that two of its screw holes are
visible. Screw the hard drive into the drive
cage:
Wrap the fan cable around the fan so that it will end up coming out
towards the back of the case:
Slide the drive cage back into the case, and hook it into place:
Slide two drive rails out of their holders on the bottom of the case. Screw

them onto the DVD-ROM drive:

Change the DVD-ROM jumper from Slave to Master.

Push the top side buttons on the case to release the top front of the case. Take
the front off, and pop the middle 5.25'' drive cover out:
• (Why the middle position? The top position is
bad for two reasons: first, it doesn't give heat
from the DVD-ROM drive any room to rise;
second, the nice IDE cable won't reach from the
hard drive to the top position. In retrospect, the
bottom position is even better heat-wise, and
makes the cabling less of a stretch, but my
pictures assume the middle position.)
• Slowly wiggle the corresponding metal plate
inside the case back and forth until it snaps off.
Watch out for sharp edges.
Slide the DVD-ROM drive into the case from the front until it snaps into
place:
Slide the front of the case back on, around the DVD-ROM drive:
If you moved the case, lay it flat again:
Plug the IDE cable into the DVD-ROM drive (master), the hard drive (slave),
and the motherboard:
Screw the IDE cable's grounding connector to the case:
Take the rubber band off the power cables from the power supply:
Two cables are different: they have two rows of pins. Plug these cables
into the motherboard until they click:
Plug the front fan connector into the motherboard:
Plug 4-pin power cables into the rear fan, the DVD-ROM, and the hard drive:
Plug the reset-switch, power-switch, HDD-LED, speaker, and power-LED
connectors into the motherboard, all labels facing upwards:
Plug the USB cable into the motherboard:
• Starting now, be very careful not to touch anything
inside the case. Power will be flowing into the
computer in a moment; if you touch something inside
the case, you can electrocute yourself!
• Take off the antistatic wrist strap. Turn the case's rear
power switch off (0). Plug power into the case. Turn
the power switch on (1). Watch the CPU fan, and
press the front power button on the case. If the CPU
fan doesn't start spinning, turn power off immediately;
you have a problem. If the computer doesn't beep
within thirty seconds, turn power off; you have a
problem. If the CPU fan starts spinning and the
computer beeps, turn power off; you have a working
computer. Put the side of the case back on.
Back Panel of Computer
• Key Board : 5 pin Din Connector / 6 pin mini Din Connector.
• Mouse : D-Shaped 9 pin Male Connector.
• Scanner : D-Shaped 25 pin Male Connector.(Serial Port)
• Printer : D-Shaped 25 pin Female Connector. (Parallel Port)
• VGA : D-Shaped 15 pin 3 row female Connector.
• Mono : D-Shaped 9 pin 2 row female Connector.
• Joystick : D-Shaped 15 pin 2row female Connector.
• RJ-45 : 8 pin female connector used for LAN.
• MODEM : RJ-12 4 pin.
• USB : 4 pin Male connector used for webcam, digital
cameras, light pens.