Soldering Iron

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 Introduction and demonstration of
soldering

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 WHAT IS SOLDERING
Soldering is the process of joining
metal leads, creating a mechanical
and electrical bond. As shown in
the figure, the lead of the resistor
and the pad of the circuit board
are mechanically attached and
electrically connected.

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 WHAT IS REQUIRED
The tools needed for the soldering process:
Safety glasses
Soldering iron
Solder
Wire cutter
Damp sponge

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 TOOLS

 Assemble the proper tools together.

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 WHY SAFETY GLASSES
It is important always to wear the
safety glasses during the whole
soldering process to protect your
eyes against boiling solder particles
that fly up while the solder is melting
and pieces of leads that might fly in
any direction when they are cut.

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WHAT IS A SOLDERING IRON
The soldering iron is the tool that is
used to heat the joint. It has a tip that
is heated by an internal heating
element.

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SOLDERING IRONS

Pencil tip Temperature Controlled

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 WHAT IS SOLDER
Solder is the material that melts on
the joint attaching to both the
component lead and the pad on the
circuit board.

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 WHAT OCCURS WHEN SOLDER
MELTS
 As the solder melts during the soldering process, it

attaches to the component lead and the pad.

 The flux flows into the joint dissolving existing
oxides on the leads and preventing the formation of
new ones. This facilitates the formation of a good
soldering joint.

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 WHAT ARE THE STEPS IN
SOLDERING?

Step 1:

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Prepare component for mounting.
In this step you bend the leads of the component at 90
degree angle to fit into the holes of the circuit board.
You can do this with your hand or with the help of
pliers. Be sure that the leads are bent at the right
distance from the body of the component so they fit
comfortably in the holes on the board.

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Step 2:

 Mount component onto board

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 Mount component on board.
 In this step you insert the leads of the component into
the holes on the board, from the component side. The
body of the component should rest on the component
side of the board.
It is a common incorrect practice among new students
to install the component on the soldering side (foil
side) of the board instead of the component side, or to
install the component away from the surface of the
board, instead of resting on the surface of the board, as
shown in the figure.

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Step 3:

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 Bend component leads slightly.
After you have inserted the leads of the component
into the holes on the board, you should bend the
component leads slightly to hold the component in
place while the board is turned over to be soldered.

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Step 4.

Heat iron. Clean tip with damp

sponge
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 Clean iron's tip.
 Before you start soldering and after the tip of
the iron has heated up, the tip of the iron
should be cleaned on a damp sponge and
tinned, by melting apiece of solder on the
iron's tip and then wiping the tip on the damp
sponge again.
 The tip of the iron should always have an
even shiny metal surface from the solder.
Each time oxide forms on the tip, clean the tip
on the damp sponge to make it shiny again.

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Step 5.

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 Apply heat.
In this step you apply heat to the joint to be
soldered by touching the tip of the iron firmly
against both the component lead, and the pad on
the board, simultaneously. Allow about three
seconds or more for the joint to heat up before
applying the solder.
This is one of the most important steps in the
soldering process. If you do not heat up the joint
(lead and pad on the board) sufficiently you will
get a cold soldering joint which will have to be re-
soldered.
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Step 6.

 Apply Solder
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 Apply solder.
 After the joint has heated up, apply solder to the point
where the lead and the pad join. Apply enough solder
to create a "mountain " of solder that attaches to both,
the lead and the pad, as shown in the drawing of step
8. A common problem among new students is to apply
too little or too much solder, neither is good.

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Step 7.

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 Remove solder.
After the solder has melted on
the joint forming a nice
connection as the one shown in
steps 8 and 9, remove the
solder wire from the joint then
remove the iron.

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Step 9:

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 Inspect the soldering joint.
 After the joint has cooled off, visually inspect the
joint that you have created. It should have a shiny
and smooth surface and it should attach to both
the component lead, and the pad on the board. In
the next transparency we will see what good and
bad soldering joints look like.

If, during the inspection, you recognize that your

soldering is not good, you will have to re-solder
the connection by reheating the joint with the iron,
until the solder melts and then applying a little
more solder.
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Step I0:

 Cut excess lead

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 Cut off component leads.
 After you have soldered a joint the next step
is to cut off the excess component lead using
a wire cutter. Trim the lead off the
component as close to the solder joint as
possible. This is another important step in the
assembly process that can not be avoided
because untrimmed component
 leads might cause short circuits between
metallic traces on the board.
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 Good solder joint.

As we have said before, a good soldering joint has a shiny and smooth
surface and attaches to both the component lead, and the pad on the
board.

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 Cold solder join: You can recognize a cold solder
joint because it is dull (not shiny) and irregular
(not smooth). Cold solder joints do not make
good electrical connections and should be re-
solder.

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Solder not attached to lead: In this type of
defective soldering joint the solder is
attached to the pad of the board but not to
the lead of the component.

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 Solder not attached to pad

In this type of defective soldering joint

the solder is attached to the lead of the
component but not to the pad on the
board.

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 Leads not trimmed

This problem is caused by not

trimming the component leads after
soldering the joint.

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 Leads not trimmed.
Leads that are not trimmed pose a
potential problem because they can be
touching each other or touching other
parts of the pad, producing short
circuits and damaging the
components. Never leave untrimmed
leads after the soldering is completed.

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 Solder bridge:
Solder bridge: A solder bridge is a bridge made with
solder that is connecting two pads (or foil traces) that
should not be connected. Sometimes solder bridges
are easy to detect and other times they are so tiny that
they can only be detected with the use of a magnifying
glass.

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Solder bridge:
Solder bridges can be eliminated by
melting them with the soldering iron.

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