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College Algebra

The document discusses key concepts from previous weeks, including sets and set operations like union, intersection, and complement. It then asks students to identify whether given numbers are irrational or rational, and if rational, whether they are natural, whole, or integer numbers. Finally, it provides a review of algebraic properties of real numbers like the commutative, associative, identity, and inverse properties.

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Gelvie Lagos
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52 views30 pages

College Algebra

The document discusses key concepts from previous weeks, including sets and set operations like union, intersection, and complement. It then asks students to identify whether given numbers are irrational or rational, and if rational, whether they are natural, whole, or integer numbers. Finally, it provides a review of algebraic properties of real numbers like the commutative, associative, identity, and inverse properties.

Uploaded by

Gelvie Lagos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What did we learn in previous

weeks?

Sets
-basic concepts of a Set
( 2 methods, element, subset, equal, not equal)
-set operations and Venn diagrams
( union, intersection, complement, disjoint)
The set of real numbers
- natural numbers, whole numbers, integers, rational and
real numbers.

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 IDENTIFY IF THE FOLLOWING NUMBERS ARE
IRRATIONAL OR RATIONAL?

 THEN IF RATIONAL, IDENTIFY IF NATURAL,


WHOLE NUMBER? INTEGER?

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1.) 0.26

2.) -1/4

3.) 0

4.) SQUARE ROOT OF 5

5.) ∏

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 RULES IN ALGEBRA

1. Properties of Real Numbers:

1.1 Commutative Property of Addition:


a+b=b+a
1.2 Commutative Property of Multiplication
axb=bxa
1.3 Associative Property of Addition
a + (b + c) = (a + b) + c

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1.4 Associative Property of Multiplication
a (b x c) = ( a x b) c

1.5 Left Distributive Property


a ( b + c) = ab + ac

1.6 Right Distributive Property


( a + b)c = ac + bc

1.7 Additive Identity Property


a+0=a

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1.8 Multiplicative Identity Property
a (1) = a

1.9 Additive Inverse Property


a + (-a) = 0

1.10 Multiplicative Inverse Property


a (1/a) = 1

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OTHER PROPERTIES

 PROPERTIES OF ZERO

a. a x 0 = 0

b. If (a/b) = 0 , then a=0

c. If ab = 0, then a=o or b=o


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 PROPERTIES OF NEGATIVES
-(-a) = a

(-a)b = a(-b)

(-a)(-b) = ab

-a = (-1)a
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 PROPERTIES OF EQUALITY

a. Reflexive property a=a

b. Symmetric property if a=b, then b=a

c. Transitive property if a=b, and b=c, then a=c

d. Addition property if a=b, then a + c = b + c

e. Multiplication property if a= b, then ac = bc

f. Substitution property if a = b-c, b=3; c=2;


then a=3-2

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EXAMPLE:

 TELL WHICH PROPERTIES OF REAL


NUMBERS ARE THE FOLLOWING:

1.) ( ½) + (-1/2) =0

2.) [(m+2)3]t = [(3(m+2)]t

3.) (2 + 3) + 8 = 2 + (3 + 8)

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QUIZ#2
 IDENTIFY THE PROPERTY THAT IS
ILLUSTRATED IN EACH CASE:

1.) 5 x 9 = 9 x 5 7.) 1235 x 0 = 0


2.) 3 x ( 1/3) = 1 8.) 245 + 0 =245
3.) 1 x 345 = 345 9.) -8 + 8 = 0
4.) 3 + (5 +a) = (3 + 5) + a 10.) -4(x-5) = -4x + 20
5.) 4x +6x = (4 + 6) x 11-15.) change 2.25 into
6.) 7 + (x+3) = 7 + (3 + x) improper fraction (5 pts)

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Algebraic Expressions

 Are formed by using constants and variables


and the algebraic operations of addition,
subtraction, multiplication, the raising to
powers(evolution) and the extraction of roots
(involution).

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Example:

Literal numbers / variables


 x² + 3x -12

Literal coefficient
Numerical coefficient

Term
- part or component of an expression when the
expression is composed of parts connected by a (+)
and (-) sign.

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 Monomial – algebraic expression of one term
ex. 3axy

 Binomial – two terms


ex. x² -2xy

 Trinomial – three terms


ex. x² -2xy + y²

 Multinomial or Polynomial – two or more terms

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What is the degree of the
polynomial?
 If the term in a polynomial has one variable as
a factor, then the degree is the power of the
variable.

 If two or more variables are present in a term


as factors, then the degree will be the sum of
the powers of the variables.

 the highest sum of variable exponents in the


polynomial.
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Examples:
Find the degree of the
following:
 5x³

 5bx²y³z

 3x³-4xy-34

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Difference between like terms
and unlike terms…
 Like terms

3x²y 5xyx 6yx²

Unlike terms

6x 5y 3x²

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Symbols for grouping

 Parenthesis ( )

 Brackets [ ]

 Braces { }

 Vinculum _____

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Rules in removing symbol of
grouping:

 Removing a symbol of grouping preceded by a


minus sign changes the signs of all terms
previously enclosed by that symbol.

 Example: x-(y +z) = x-y-z

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 If the sign preceding a symbol of grouping is
the plus sign, removal of that symbol of
grouping does not affect the signs of the
terms previously enclosed by it.

 Example: x + ( y + z) = x + y + z

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Powers and Exponents
 In general,
am
For any positive integer m is used to represent
the product of m factors each equal to a.

 example: a3 = a.a.a

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Examples:

 (-3)2

 (x2) 3

 (x y)3

 ( x 3 / x 7 )2

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Order of Operations

 MDAS
multiplication
division
addition
subtraction

note:
Expression within a parenthesis should be
evaluated first. Fraction line and the radical
sign act like parenthesis.
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Example:

Evaluate the following expression


using the correct order of
operation.

 (3-2)(-3)² + 2(-6 x 3) = ?

 ( 33 ) ( 5) – 4 (-6 + 2) = ?

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Operations on Polynomials

 Addition

 Examples:
1.) (3x2 + 5x – 3) + (x3 – 2) = ?

2.) (5x – y) + (-5x + 8y) = ?

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 Subtraction

 Examples:

 1.) (3z2 – 2z -5) – (z2 – 5) = ?

 2.) subtract ( 5x5 – 4x) from the sum of


( 3x5 + 2) and ( x5 + 5x )

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 Multiplication

 Examples:

 1. (3x2y3) ( 2xy6) = ?

 2. (x3 + 2x2 + 6) ( 5x – 2) = ?

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Quiz next meeting…

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Quiz #3

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