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Team Members: Name USN Roll Number

This document describes an AM transmitter and receiver circuit designed by a student project team. The transmitter uses a Colpitts oscillator to generate the carrier frequency, and an amplitude modulator circuit uses a BJT to modulate the carrier amplitude with an audio signal. The receiver uses an envelope detector followed by an op-amp amplifier and low-pass filter to reconstruct the audio signal. The team was able to successfully implement a basic AM transmission and reception system using these circuits to transmit sine, triangular and square wave audio signals.

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01fe20bec113
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34 views10 pages

Team Members: Name USN Roll Number

This document describes an AM transmitter and receiver circuit designed by a student project team. The transmitter uses a Colpitts oscillator to generate the carrier frequency, and an amplitude modulator circuit uses a BJT to modulate the carrier amplitude with an audio signal. The receiver uses an envelope detector followed by an op-amp amplifier and low-pass filter to reconstruct the audio signal. The team was able to successfully implement a basic AM transmission and reception system using these circuits to transmit sine, triangular and square wave audio signals.

Uploaded by

01fe20bec113
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AM Transmitter and

Receiver
TEAM MEMBERS
NAME USN ROLL NUMBER

Shreyas M 01FE20BEC046 203


Keerthi S 01FE20BEC113 262
Shreya K 01FE20BEC053 210
Rajesh p 01FE20BEC271 257
Jayaram L 01FE20BEC070 222
AM TRANSMITTER :
Am transmitter Section consists of 2 sub-circuits.
1. Carrier frequency generator
2. Amplitude modulator

Carrier Frequency generator:


Normally allotted AM Radio Range is 500kHz-1.6MHz and sinusoidal signal is normally used as the carrier
frequency. There are many ways to generate carrier frequency within the allotted range.

In our project, we use Colpitts oscillator for generating carrier frequency Fc.

Colpitts Oscillator
The resistors R1, R2 and Re provide necessary bias condition for the circuit. The capacitor Ce provides a.c.
ground thereby providing any signal degeneration. This also provides temperature stabilization.

The capacitors Cc and Cb are employed to block d.c. and to provide an a.c. path. The radio frequency choke
(R.F.C) offers very high impedance to high frequency currents which means it shorts for d.c. and opens for a.c.
Hence it provides d.c. load for collector and keeps a.c. currents out of d.c. supply source
Tank Circuit
The frequency determining network is a parallel resonant circuit which consists of variable capacitors C1 and C2
along with an inductor L. The junction of C1 and C2 are earthed. The capacitor C1 has its one end connected to
base via Cc and the other to emitter via Ce. the voltage developed across C1 provides the regenerative feedback
required for the sustained oscillations.

Operation
When the collector supply is given, a transient current is produced in the oscillatory or tank circuit. The oscillatory
current in the tank circuit produces a.c. voltage across C1 which are applied to the base emitter junction and
appear in the amplified form in the collector circuit and supply losses to the tank circuit. If terminal 1 is at positive
potential with respect to terminal 3 at any instant, then terminal 2 will be at negative potential with respect to 3 at
that instant because terminal 3 is grounded. Therefore, points 1 and 2 are out of phase by 180o . As the CE
configured transistor provides 180o phase shift, it makes 360o phase shift between the input and output voltages.
Hence, feedback is properly phased to produce continuous Undamped oscillations. When the loop gain |βA| of
the amplifier is greater than one, oscillations are sustained in the circuit
Design for Amplitude modulator:
The amplitude modulator consists of a simple BJT and Bias circuitry with it. Here C6 is used to
block DC portion of Audio waveform. It is selected such a way so that it’s impedance is keep
minimum so an audio wave of low frequency can pass through it.
C6=1/2πfR8 = 10uF.................................... f is frequency of low message

C5 is used to block the Dc portion of Colpitts Oscillator output.


As it allows to pass high frequency, so its impedance can be lower enough for the low value of c5.
C5=1/2πfR5 = 1uF....................................f is frequency of oscillator
Transmitter Circuit
AM Receiver
Time constant τ=RC selected such a way so that it maintains the following conditions. Where fc=680kHz is the
carrier frequency and B=6800Hz is the Bandwidth of the signal. So1.2us≪τ ≪147us. For this condition to fulfill we
select the value of R=1kΩ and C=20nF.

AMPLIFIER DESIGN:
The amplitude of the message signal reduces by a significant amount after transmission. So in order reconstruct the
original message signal accurately, we design an amplifier circuit using op-amp ua741. We use Rf = 10k ohm and R1
= 1k ohm to get a closed loop gain, Af = -Rf/R1 = 10. Thus we increase the amplitude of the attenuated message
signal obtained from the detector.

FILTER DESIGN:
These high frequency components distort the original message signal and thus the message becomes
understandable. In order to get rid of the high frequency noise we designed a low pass filter. We used a -40dB filter
to filter out the high frequency components. We determine the cutoff frequency using formula fc = 1/2πRC. We
used a 0.1uF capacitor and a variable 100k pot to vary the cutoff in order to get a clean and distortion-less signal.
Complete circuit of Transmitter and receiver
Output
CONCLUSION:

In this project, we successfully implemented amplitude modulation which is a widely used


modulation technique in communication system. We implemented what we had learnt in our
theory course, and thus were able to know a lot more about amplitude modulation. We have
used only sin, triangular and square waves in our project, but our design will also work for voice
signals, for which, a band pass filter will have to be added with cutoffs at 300Hz and 3400Hz,
since voice signal’s frequency is in this range. Other than that the whole transmitter and
receiver circuit are the same for voice transmission. One drawback of our circuit is that it cannot
produce DSB-SC signal, which would have made our design more efficient.
THANK YOU.

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