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Air Compressor

An air compressor converts power into compressed air by forcing more air into a storage tank, increasing the pressure until an upper limit is reached. There are two main types of compressors: positive displacement and dynamic. Positive displacement compressors include rotary screw and reciprocating compressors, which work by reducing the volume of a cavity to increase pressure. Dynamic compressors include axial and centrifugal compressors, which increase pressure by restricting air that has been accelerated by rapidly rotating blades.

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Fredrick Otieno
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328 views15 pages

Air Compressor

An air compressor converts power into compressed air by forcing more air into a storage tank, increasing the pressure until an upper limit is reached. There are two main types of compressors: positive displacement and dynamic. Positive displacement compressors include rotary screw and reciprocating compressors, which work by reducing the volume of a cavity to increase pressure. Dynamic compressors include axial and centrifugal compressors, which increase pressure by restricting air that has been accelerated by rapidly rotating blades.

Uploaded by

Fredrick Otieno
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AIR COMPRESSOR

By : ENG. MOSOTI
What is an air compressor?

 It is a pneumatic device that coverts power (using electric motor, diesel or gasoline engine
e.t.c) into potential energy stored in compressed air.
 A compressor forces more and more air into a storage tank, increasing pressure. When the
tank reaches its engineered upper limit, the air compressor shuts off. The energy contained
I the compressed air ca e used for a variety of applications, utilizing the kinetic energy of
the air as it is released ad the tank depressurizes.
 When the tank reaches its low limit, the air compressor turs o again ad depressurizes the
tank.
principle of operation

 Air compressor works by forcing air into a chamber and pressurizing it. Then, the air is
forced through an opening in the tank where pressure builds up.
 Pressure builds up following Boyle’s law ( P1V1 = P2V2) and Gay Lussac law of (P1/T1
=P2/T2).
 Air compressor is powered by an engine that turns electrical energy into kinetic energy.
This principle is similar to operation of a combustion engine, using a crankshaft, piston,
valve, head, and connecting rod.
Types of compressors

 compressors are categorized based on their internal mechanisms:


 Positive displacement compressors
 Dynamic Compressors
Positive displacement compressors

Positive displacement compressor generate power via air displacement. Air compressors in
this category work with different internal mechanisms, but the principle for each is the same.
A cavity inside the machine stores the air brought from outside, and the slowly compresses the
cavity to increase the air pressure and potential energy.
Types of positive displacement compressors

Rotary Screw compressor INPUT MODULE


 They generate energy through two
internal rotors that turn in opposite
directions and build up pressure within
the housing. The reduction in volume
results in compressed air.
 Are equipped with internal cooling
system. Because of its internal cooling,
they are designed for continuous use.
Reciprocating Compressors

 These types of compressors work via a piston inside a cylinder, which compresses air to
build pressure.
 Reciprocating compressors can come in single or multi-stage variations, which affect
compressor ranges that they can achieve.
Single-stage -stage Compressor

 Single stage compressor has one piston , which compresses air and forces it into a storage
tank. As the piston forces more air in, the air pressure rises. Once the pressure reaches a
specific level, the compressor stops running . As the stored compressed air is being used,
pressure in the storage tank decreases forcing the compressor to restart in order to rebuild
the pressure back
Multi-stage Compressor

 They have 2 or more pistons to compress air I different compartments. For the case of two
pistons, the first piston compresses air and pushes it through check valve to the second
piston, which compresses it further and delivers it to the tank. Such compressors are
usually heavy duty, commercial models that delivers a greater volume of air at high PSI.
Contn…
Dynamic Compressors

 Generate horsepower by allowing in air with rapidly rotating blades and then restricting
the air to create pressure. The kinetic energy is stored as static within the Compressor.
 They are of two types:
 a) Axial compressor – it is a gas compressor that ca continuously pressurizes gas. It is a
rotating airfoil-based compressor in which the gas or working fluid principally flow
parallel to the axis of rotation.
 Energy level of fluid increases as it flows through compressor due to action of the rotor
blades which exert torque on the fluid .The stationary blades(stators) slows the fluid
converting the circumferential component of flow into pressure.
Axial Compressor
Centrifugal Compressor

 There is a rotating impeller inside a centrifugal compressor that has radial blades ad the
center of this impeller receives the air that is pushed y centrifugal force towards the
center . The movement will increase the pressure and generate kinetic energy . When this
energy passes through a volute ad a diffuser, it will e converted into pressure.
 The centrifugal compressor actually increases air velocity ad the rotation of the impeller
will covert kinetic energy into desired form of pressure.
 Velocity will be decreased in the air flow after the air enters the diffuser section. the
diffuser is static or fixed ad it helps air flow to leave the impeller. This decrease I velocity
increases pressure.
Centrifugal compressor

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