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Lecture 11 - First Semester Concluding Lecture

This document summarizes the concluding lecture of the first semester of a structural analysis course. It discusses the role of structural analysis in ensuring aircraft strength and classifies structural analysis problems. The main structural analysis methods covered in the first semester are analytical methods like the method of joints, method of sections, and force/displacement methods, as well as numerical methods like finite element analysis. Flowcharts are provided showing the solution process using the force method and displacement method. Examples are given of applying these methods and of the design of a sweptback wing.

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Dimi Chipps
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28 views

Lecture 11 - First Semester Concluding Lecture

This document summarizes the concluding lecture of the first semester of a structural analysis course. It discusses the role of structural analysis in ensuring aircraft strength and classifies structural analysis problems. The main structural analysis methods covered in the first semester are analytical methods like the method of joints, method of sections, and force/displacement methods, as well as numerical methods like finite element analysis. Flowcharts are provided showing the solution process using the force method and displacement method. Examples are given of applying these methods and of the design of a sweptback wing.

Uploaded by

Dimi Chipps
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture #11

First semester concluding lecture


PLACE OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS IN THE
ASSURANCE OF AIRCRAFT STRENGTH

Mechanics
Strength of local zones
of Materials

Structural Methods for analysis


Analysis of general stress state

Strength Methods for calculation


of Aircraft of loading and strength
2
CLASSIFICATION OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS PROBLEMS
Structures

Constrained (fixed) Unconstrained (free)


a) stable (immovable) a) stable (invariable)

b) unstable (movable) b) unstable (variable)

3
CLASSIFICATION OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS PROBLEMS
Stable structures

Statically determinate Statically indeterminate

Methods of classification

Structural analysis Kinematical analysis

Statical analysis
4
CLASSIFICATION OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS PROBLEMS

Statically determinate Statically indeterminate


Equilibrium equations could Equilibrium equations could
be directly solved, and thus be solved only when
forces could be calculated coupled with physical law
in an easy way and compatibility equations
Stress state depends only Stress state depends on
on geometry & loading rigidities
Not survivable, moderately Survivable, widely used in
used in modern aviation modern aviation
(due to damage tolerance (due to damage tolerance
requirement) property)
Easy to manufacture Hard to manufacture
5
MAIN METHODS COVERED IN FIRST SEMESTER
Methods of structural analysis

Analytical methods Numerical methods


(finite element method)

Method of joints For statically


determinate
Method of sections structures

Force method
For statically
Displacement method
(slope-deflection method)
indeterminate
structures
Matrix methods
6
METHODS OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

Analytical methods Numerical methods


Best for designing Best for checking
calculations, suit for calculations, practically
checking calculations with effete for designing
certain limitations calculations

Solutions exist for partial


Versatile and flexible
cases (specific objects)
Need much work to be
Need expensive and
developed, but only
complex software and
simple software for
hardware
application
7
FLOWCHART OF SOLUTION USING FORCE METHOD
Classification
Redundant constraints are
of the problem
removed

Basic system In loaded state, external load is


applied. In unit states, unit force
is applied instead of constraint.
Loaded and
unit states Displacements corresponding to
removed constraints are
Canonical determined for each state
equations
Forces in removed constraints
are determined
Total stress state
8
EXAMPLE OF FORCE METHOD APPLICATION #3

9
EXAMPLE OF FORCE METHOD APPLICATION #3
(NUMERICAL SOLUTION)

10
FLOWCHART OF DISPLACEMENT METHOD
Classification
Free DOFs are removed
of the problem
(constrained)

Basic system In loaded state, external load is


applied. In unit states, unit
displacements are applied.
Loaded and
unit states Reaction forces in introduced
constraints are determined for
Canonical each state
equations
Actual displacements of
introduced constraints are
Total stress state determined
11
SWEPTBACK WING ROOT TRIANGLE

12
DESIGN MODEL OF SWEPTBACK WING

13
EXAMPLE
FOR A TOTAL
STRESS
STATE
TOPIC OF THIS SEMESTER
Frame and truss structures, mostly planar problems.

15
TOPIC OF THE NEXT SEMESTER
Thin-walled stiffened structures, mostly spatial problems

3D model by MiljanD 16

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