Scribd
Upload
33 views

Lecture 06 - Statically Indeterminate Structures - Force Method

This document discusses methods for analyzing statically indeterminate structures. It introduces the force method, which involves setting stresses as unknowns and solving the equilibrium and compatibility equations. The force method involves classifying the problem into a basic stable and determinate system, then applying unit loads and solving a system of canonical equations to determine member forces. Total stresses are found as the sum of the loaded state and unit states multiplied by the corresponding constraint reactions. Examples are provided to demonstrate applying the force method. Additional resources are recommended for learning more about Mohr's integrals and analyzing fuselage frames.

Uploaded by

Dimi Chipps
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
33 views

Lecture 06 - Statically Indeterminate Structures - Force Method

This document discusses methods for analyzing statically indeterminate structures. It introduces the force method, which involves setting stresses as unknowns and solving the equilibrium and compatibility equations. The force method involves classifying the problem into a basic stable and determinate system, then applying unit loads and solving a system of canonical equations to determine member forces. Total stresses are found as the sum of the loaded state and unit states multiplied by the corresponding constraint reactions. Examples are provided to demonstrate applying the force method. Additional resources are recommended for learning more about Mohr's integrals and analyzing fuselage frames.

Uploaded by

Dimi Chipps
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 18

Lecture #6

Statically indeterminate structures.


Force method
CLASSIFICATION OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS PROBLEMS

Statically determinate Statically indeterminate


Equilibrium equations could Equilibrium equations could
be directly solved, and thus be solved only when
forces could be calculated coupled with physical law
in an easy way and compatibility equations
Stress state depends only Stress state depends on
on geometry & loading rigidities
Not survivable, moderately Survivable, widely used in
used in modern aviation modern aviation
(due to damage tolerance (due to damage tolerance
requirement) property)
Easy to manufacture Hard to manufacture
2
WAYS TO SOLVE A SOLID MECHANICS PROBLEM
Displacements
Stresses are
are set as
set as
unknowns
Compatibility unknowns
equations Constitutive
equations
Strains are
derived Strains are
Constitutive derived
equations Equilibrium
equations
Stresses are
derived Compatibility
Equilibrium
equations
equations
Equilibrium Compatibility
equations are equations are
solved solved
3
METHODS TO SOLVE INDETERMINATE PROBLEM

Flexibility method Stiffness method


(slope-deflection (force method)
method)

Displacements
Stresses are set
are set as
as unknowns
unknowns

Equilibrium Compatibility
equations are equations are
solved solved
4
METHODS TO SOLVE INDETERMINATE PROBLEM
Small degree
of statical
indeterminacy Force method

Slope-deflection method

Slope-deflection method
in matrix formulation

Large degree Numerical methods


of statical
indeterminacy
5
FLOWCHART OF SOLUTION USING FORCE METHOD
Classification
Redundant constraints are
of the problem
removed

Basic system In loaded state, external load is


applied. In unit states, unit force
is applied instead of constraint.
Loaded and
unit states Displacements corresponding to
removed constraints are
Canonical determined for each state
equations
Forces in removed constraints
are determined
Total stress state
6
BASIC (PRIMARY) SYSTEM
OF FORCE METHOD

Two major requirements exists:


- basic system should be stable;
- basic system should be statically determinate.

Finally, basic system should be chosen in such a way


to simplify calculations as much as possible. For
example, for symmetrical problem it is essential to
choose a symmetrical basic system.

7
SYSTEM OF CANONICAL EQUATIONS
OF FORCE METHOD
The number of equations in the system is equal to the
degree of statical indeterminacy

The canonical equation states that the displacement


corresponding to removed constrain is zero.

General view of the system is:

 iF    ij  X j  0
j
i, j – indexes varying from 1 to the degree of statical
indeterminacy.
8
SYSTEM OF CANONICAL EQUATIONS
OF FORCE METHOD

Partial case for a singly statically indeterminate


problem:
1F  11  X 1  0

Partial case for a twice statically indeterminate


problem:
1F  11  X 1  12  X 2  0

 2 F   21  X 1   22  X 2  0
9
SYSTEM OF CANONICAL EQUATIONS
OF FORCE METHOD
Determination of coefficients for trusses:
F  1 1 1
N  N  N  N 
1F   ; 11  
k EA k EA
In trusses, if the rod is removed in basic system, the
term corresponding to this rod in unit system should
not be omitted.

Coefficients for members subjected to bending:


F  1 1 1
Mz Mz Mz Mz
1F   dx ; 11   dx
EI z EI z
10
TOTAL STRESS STATE

The total stress state is found as a sum of loaded


state and unit states multiplied by corresponding
constraint reactions:

Fk  F k
(F )
F k
(1)
 Xi
i

i – index varying from 1 to the degree of statical


indeterminacy;
k – index of the force factor F;
F could represent any force factor (normal force,
bending moment, constraint reaction etc.).
11
THREE BASIC EQUATIONS
Physical sense of equations (revision)
This is not only the sum of
Equilibrium
forces or moments, but applies
equations
for elementary volume as well

Physical law, expresses


Constitutive
the relation between
equations
stress and strain

Solid body should


Compatibility
remain continuous
equations
while being deformed 12
THREE BASIC EQUATIONS
How are they implemented in force method

Equilibrium Equilibrium equations for basic


equations system in loaded and unit states

Constitutive Through Young’s moduli


equations in Mohr’s integrals

Compatibility Canonical equations of force


equations method
13
EXAMPLE OF FORCE METHOD APPLICATION

14
EXAMPLE OF FORCE METHOD APPLICATION

15
SYSTEM OF CANONICAL EQUATIONS
OF FORCE METHOD

Specific case for temperature actuated displacement:


1
1F     T  N  
k

Specific case when displacement at the constraint is


given:

1F  11  X 1   constraint

16
WHERE TO FIND MORE INFORMATION?

For force method, I recommend


Kassimali. Structural Analysis. 3rd ed. 2005
Chapter 13

For Mohr’s integral, refer to your Mechanics of Materials


course.

… Internet is boundless …
17
TOPIC OF THE NEXT LECTURE

Statically indeterminate structures.


Fuselage frames

All materials of our course are available


at department website k102.khai.edu
1. Go to the page “Библиотека”
2. Press “Structural Mechanics (lecturer Vakulenko S.V.)”
18

You might also like