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Lec 5 Variable Datatypes

This document provides an overview of structured programming concepts in C including basic terms, data types, variables, and variable declarations. It defines tokens, keywords, and identifiers as the basic building blocks. It describes the fundamental data types in C like int, char, float, and void and their sizes and value ranges. It also explains variables as named locations to store data and the rules for declaring and assigning values to variables. The document provides examples to illustrate variable declarations and assignments.

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MD. Shamsuddoha
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31 views19 pages

Lec 5 Variable Datatypes

This document provides an overview of structured programming concepts in C including basic terms, data types, variables, and variable declarations. It defines tokens, keywords, and identifiers as the basic building blocks. It describes the fundamental data types in C like int, char, float, and void and their sizes and value ranges. It also explains variables as named locations to store data and the rules for declaring and assigning values to variables. The document provides examples to illustrate variable declarations and assignments.

Uploaded by

MD. Shamsuddoha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 19

CSE-

1101
Structured Programming

Rafid Mostafiz
IIT-NSTU
Lecture Contents
2

 Basic terms
 Data type
 Variables
Basic term
3

 Tokens
 In C programs, the smallest individual units are known
as tokens.
Basic term
4

 Every C word is classified as either a keyword or an identifier.


 All keywords have fixed meanings and these meanings cannot be
changed.
Basic term
5

 Identifier Identifiers refer to the names of variables,


functions and arrays.
 They are user-defined names and consist of a
sequence of letters and digits, with a letter as a first
character.
 Both uppercase and lowercase letters are permitted.
 The underscore character is also permitted in
identifiers.
Data types
6

 A data type is
 A set of values
 A set of operations on those values
 A data type is used to
 Identify the type of a variable when the variable is
declared
 Identify the type of the return value of a function
 Identify the type of a parameter expected by a function
Data types
7

 C has a small family of datatypes.


 Numeric (int, float,double)
 Character (char)
 User defined (struct,union)
 Fundamental data types:
 void – used to denote the type with no values
 int – used to denote an integer type
 char – used to denote a character type
 float, double – used to denote a floating point type
 int *, float *, char * – used to denote a pointer type, which is a memory
address type
Size and range
8

 Range of the basic data type is as follows:

Type Size (bits) Range


Char 8 -128 to 127
int 16 -32,768 to 32767
float 32 3.4E-38 to 3.4E+38
Double 64 1.7E-308 to 1.7E+308
Integer Types
9

 Values of an integer type are whole numbers.


 The integer types, in turn, are divided into two
categories: signed and unsigned.
 signed and unsigned integer may categorized into
three forms: short int, int, long int
 By default, integer variables are signed in C
 To tell the compiler that a variable has no sign bit,
declare it to be unsigned.
Size and range of integer
10

 Range of the basic data type is as follows:


Type Size Range
(bits)
Short int 8 -128 to 127
Unsigned shor int 8 0 to 255
Int 16 –32,768 to 32,767
Signed int 16 0 to 65535
Long intg 32 –2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647
unsigned long int 32 0 to 4,294,967,295
Size and range of integer
11

 Float and double has only signed form


Type Size Range
(bits)
Float 32 3.4E-38 to 3.4E+38

double 64 1.7E-308 to 1.7E+308

long double 80 80 3.4E-4932to 1.1E+4932


Variable
12

 Most programs need to a way to store data


temporarily during program execution.
 These storage locations are called variables.
 A variable is a data name that may be used to store
a data value.
 A variable may take different values at different
times of execution and may be chosen by the
programmer in a meaningful way.
 Example: Average, height
Variable
13

 Consider: int x=0,y=0; y=x+2;


 x, y are variables
 Naming Rules
 Variable names can contain letter, digits and _
 Variable names should start with letters.
 Keywords (e.g., for, while etc.) cannot be used as
variable names
 White space is not allowed.
 Variable names are case sensitive
 int x; int X declares two different variables.
Variable
14

 Pop quize
 money$owed; (incorrect: cannot contain $)
 total_count (correct)
 score2 (correct)
 2ndscore (incorrect: must start with a letter)
 long (incorrect: cannot use keyword)
 char (incorrect: cannot use keyword)
Variable Type
15

 Every variable must have a type


 C has a wide variety of types, including int and
float.
 A variable of type int (short for integer) can store a
whole number such as 0, 1, 392, or –2553.
 A variable of type float (short for floating-point)
can store much larger numbers than an int variable.
 Also, a float variable can store numbers with digits
after the decimal point, like 379.125.
Variable Declarations
16

 Variables must be declared before they are used.


 The general format for a declaration is
 type variable-name [=value];
 type v1,v2…..vn;
 Variables can be declared one at a time:
int height;
float profit;
 Alternatively, several can be declared at the same time:
int height, length, width, volume;
float profit, loss;
Variable Assignment
17

 A variable can be given a value by means of


assignment:
 height = 8;
 Before a variable can be assigned a value—or used
in any other way—it must first be declared.
 An int variable is normally assigned a value of type
int, and a float variable is normally assigned a
value of type float.
Variable Assignment
18

 Example
int x; x=10;
int a,b; a=5;
float mmm; b=45;
mmm=3.50
 It is also possible to assigned value to a variable using assigned (=) operator.
 Example: int x=10;
19

Any Question?

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