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Biu Computer Programming - Lecture 1

The document discusses the evolution of computer programming languages from machine language to modern languages. It begins with an introduction to computer systems and programming. It then covers 1st generation machine language, 2nd generation assembly language, 3rd generation high-level languages like C and Java, 4th generation very high-level languages focused on tasks like databases, and 5th generation visual languages for artificial intelligence. Each generation introduced languages that were more abstracted from hardware and easier for humans to understand.

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Mulungu-Alinafe Mpofu
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39 views

Biu Computer Programming - Lecture 1

The document discusses the evolution of computer programming languages from machine language to modern languages. It begins with an introduction to computer systems and programming. It then covers 1st generation machine language, 2nd generation assembly language, 3rd generation high-level languages like C and Java, 4th generation very high-level languages focused on tasks like databases, and 5th generation visual languages for artificial intelligence. Each generation introduced languages that were more abstracted from hardware and easier for humans to understand.

Uploaded by

Mulungu-Alinafe Mpofu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

BY ALINAFE MPOFU
TODAY

• Main - Evaluate Common Programming Languages


 Introduction to computing
o Computer systems
o Computer programming
COMPUTER SYSTEMS

• Computer system is made up of two


major components
• Hardware (physical part)
• Software (Collection of programs
(instructions) that allow the hardware
to do its job.
COMPUTER HARDWARE

• Consists of five parts


• input devices, central processing unit
(CPU) ,primary storage, output
devices, and auxiliary storage devices.
COMPUTER SOFTWARE

• divided in to two broad categories:


• system software (manages the
computer resources)
• provides the interface between the
hardware and the users
• application software
• directly responsible for helping users
solve their problems.
PROGRAMMING…..
WHAT IS PROGRAMMING?

• the process of creating a set of instructions that tell a computer how to


perform a task.
SCENARIO

• Instruction on how to do something


ACCORDING TO SCENARIO ABOVE….

• What computers understand – machine code, numerical language (binary)


• Every instruction fed to a computer is converted to a string of ones and zeros
and then interpreted by the computer to carry out a task
• HOW ARE WE SUPPOSED TO TRANSLATE OUR INSTRUCTIONS
INTO MACHINE CODE?
- Programming languages
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES

• A programming language is a set of rules that provide a way of telling a


computer what operations to perform
• Medium of communication between computer and the user containing words,
symbols and syntax rules
• Middleman translating program into machine code
EVOLUTION OF PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGES

• Machine Language (1st Generation Language – 1945)


• Assembly Language(2nd Generation Language – 1950s)
• High Level Language (3rd Generation Language – 1960s)
• Very High Level Language (4th Generation Language – 1970s)
• Natural Language (5th Generation Language – 1980)
MACHINE LANGUAGE (1ST GENERATION
LANGUAGE – 1945)
• The set of instruction codes, in binary, which can be directly understood by the CPU without translating the
program.
• An instruction has two parts:
• Op-Code: First part of instruction which tells the computer what function to perform.
• Operand: Second part of instruction, tells the computer where to find or store data or instructions that are to be manipulated.
• The lowest-level, programming language.
• Machine Dependent.
• Difficult to program.
• Error Prone.
• Difficult to modify.
ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE(2ND GENERATION
LANGUAGE – 1950S)
• A low-level language.
• Allows the programmer to use abbreviations or words instead of binary numbers, known as
mnemonics.
• A program called an assembler transforms assembly language into machine code.
• Readability is more than machine language.
• Easy to understand and use.
• Easy to locate and correct errors.
• Easier to modify.
ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE CONT’D

• Limitations:
• Machine dependent.
• Knowledge of hardware.
• Machine level coding.
HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE (3RD GENERATION
LANGUAGE – 1960S)

• Closer to English but included mathematical notation


• Programs are written in source code which are translated into machine
language programs called object code (.o)
• The translation of a source code to object code is accomplished by a machine
language system called a compiler
COMMON HIGH-LEVEL LANGUAGES

•C
• C++ Object Oriented Programming
Language
• JAVA Object Oriented Programming
Language
• JavaScript
• Visual Basic
VERY HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE (4TH
GENERATION LANGUAGE – 1970S)

• Also known as 4GL or non-procedural language.


• languages that consist of statements similar to statements in a human
language.
• Fourth generation languages are commonly used in database programming
and scripts
• examples include Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby, and SQL.
5TH GENERATION LANGUAGE – 1980

• programming languages that contain visual tools to help develop a program.


Examples of fifth generation languages include Mercury, OPS5, and Prolog
• The major fields in which the fifth generation programming language are
employed are Artificial Intelligence and Artificial Neural Networks

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