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    Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes

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    Jogie De Guia
    This document compares and contrasts prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus and organelles, while eukaryotes are single or multicellular organisms that have a nucleus enclosed in membranes and various membrane-bound organelles. Both have plasma membranes, cytoplasm, DNA, and ribosomes, but eukaryotes are generally larger and more complex due to their internal structures. Examples of prokaryotes are bacteria and archaea, while eukaryotes include plants, animals, fungi, and protists.

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    Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes

    Uploaded by

    Jogie De Guia
    12 views10 pages
    This document compares and contrasts prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus and organelles, while eukaryotes are single or multicellular organisms that have a nucleus enclosed in membranes and various membrane-bound organelles. Both have plasma membranes, cytoplasm, DNA, and ribosomes, but eukaryotes are generally larger and more complex due to their internal structures. Examples of prokaryotes are bacteria and archaea, while eukaryotes include plants, animals, fungi, and protists.

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    PROKARYOTES & EUKARYOTES

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    This document compares and contrasts prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus and organelles, while eukaryotes are single or multicellular organisms that have a nucleus enclosed in membranes and various membrane-bound organelles. Both have plasma membranes, cytoplasm, DNA, and ribosomes, but eukaryotes are generally larger and more complex due to their internal structures. Examples of prokaryotes are bacteria and archaea, while eukaryotes include plants, animals, fungi, and protists.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    12 views10 pages

    Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes

    Uploaded by

    Jogie De Guia
    This document compares and contrasts prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus and organelles, while eukaryotes are single or multicellular organisms that have a nucleus enclosed in membranes and various membrane-bound organelles. Both have plasma membranes, cytoplasm, DNA, and ribosomes, but eukaryotes are generally larger and more complex due to their internal structures. Examples of prokaryotes are bacteria and archaea, while eukaryotes include plants, animals, fungi, and protists.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 10

    PROKARYOTES

    & EUKARYOTES
    GENERAL BIOLOGY 1
    So what are prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

    This is what prokaryotic This is what eukaryotic cell


    cell looks like. looks like.
    Prokayotes
    Prokaryotes are organisms whose cells lack a nucleus and other organelles. Prokaryotes are divided
    into two distinct groups: the bacteria and the archaea, which scientists believe have unique
    evolutionary lineages.
    Prokayotes
    However, all cells have four common structures: the plasma membrane, which functions as
    a barrier for the cell and separates the cell from its environment; the cytoplasm, a complex
    solution of organic molecules and salts inside the cell; a double-stranded DNA genome, the
    informational archive of the cell; and ribosomes, where protein synthesis takes place.
    Prokaryotes come in various shapes, but many fall into three categories: cocci (spherical),
    bacilli (rod-shaped), and spirilli (spiral-shaped)
    Ribosome
    Capsule

    Nucleoid (DNA)
    Cell Wall

    Cytoplasm Plasma Membrane

    Plasmid

    Pilus Flagella
    Eukaryotes
    Most prokaryotes are small, single-celled organisms that have a
    relatively simple structure. Prokaryotic cells are surrounded by a
    plasma membrane, but they have no internal membrane-bound
    organelles within their cytoplasm. The absence of a nucleus and
    other membrane-bound organelles differentiates prokaryotes
    from another class of organisms called eukaryotes.

    Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells contain a nucleus and


    other membrane-bound organelles. There is a wide range of
    eukaryotic organisms, including all animals, plants, fungi, and
    protists, as well as most algae. Eukaryotes may be either single-
    celled or multicellular
    Eukaryotes

    In eukaryotes, the cell's genetic material, or DNA, is contained within an organelle called the
    nucleus, where it is organized in long molecules called chromosomes. Eukaryotic cells also
    contain other organelles, including mitochondria, which generate energy; the endoplasmic
    reticulum, which plays a role in the transport of proteins; and the Golgi apparatus, which sorts
    and packages proteins and lipids for transport throughout the cell. Plant cells additionally
    contain organelles called chloroplasts, which are used to collect energy from sunlight.
    Cytosol RIbosome
    Nucleus

    Endoplasmic
    Reticulum: Nucleolus
    Cytoskeleton
    Smooth & Rough

    Mitochondrion

    Peroxisome

    Golgi Body
    Plasma Membrane

    Lysosome
    Prokaryotes Eukaryotes

    • Small and simple • Large and complex


    • 0.1 to 5.0 um in size • 10 to 100 um in size
    Similarities
    • Unicellular • Unicellular or
    • Nucleus is absent • Have cell (plasma) multicellular
    • Circular DNA membrane • Nucleus is present
    • Lack membrane-bound • Linear DNA
    • Have cytoplasm
    organelles • Has membrane-bound
    • Reproduce both sexually • Have ribosomes organelles
    and asexually • Have DNA • Mostly reproduce sexually
    • Cell division by binary • Cell division by mitosis
    fission • Examples are plant and
    • Examples are bacteria and animal cells, including
    archaea cells humans
    Thank you for
    listening!

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