Introduction to

computer
systems.
Architecture
of computer
 Purpose
Review of computer systems.
Evolution of computer systems.
Architecture and components of computer systems.
Using computer systems.
Data presentation in computer systems.
 Vocabulary
1. ИКТ – 16. ____________ – tools
2. Информатика – 17. ____________ - emergence
3. Стандартизация – 18. ____________ – cave
4. Цель – 19. _____________– pamphlet
5. ____________– writing slates 20. определение - __________
6. Eradicate - _________
7. Poverty - __________
8. Hunger - __________
9. _________ – mortality
10. Reduce - ___________
11. Ensure ____________
12. Устойчивость – _____________
13. Проблемы – _____________
14. Правовые рамки - ____________
15. Право - _____________
 Vocabulary
1. Database - база данных
2. Software - программного обеспечения
3. Hardware - аппаратные средства
4. Storage of data - хранение данных
5. To transmit information - передавать информацию
6. Calculate - вычислять
7. Compare -сравнивать
8. Sort - сортировать
9. User interface - интерфейс пользователя
10.Machine readable – машиносчитываемая
 Vocabulary
1. Data entry - ввод данных
2. Binary numbering system - бинарная система нумерации
3. Decimal numbering system - десятичная система нумерации
4. Detect - обнаруживать
5. Invent - изобретать
6. Measurement - измерение
7. Denote - обозначать
8. Consider - рассматривать
9. Disseminate – распространять
10.Gesture - жест
 Answer my questions

 What is definition of ICT ?

 What is main purposes of ICT ?

 What kind of Standardization in

ICT, do you know ?

 System

 A system is a set of elements or

components that interact to accomplish goals.
Review of computer systems


 1) Computer system is defined as the
combination of hardware, software, user and
data.

 2) An organized combination of
people, hardware, software, communications
networks, and data resources that collects
data, transforms it, and disseminates
information.
A Computer ....

• takes input
 • processes it according
to stored instructions
 • produces results as
output
A Computer ....
System unit
 Types of Computer
Computer

General Purpose
Special Purpose General Purpose (user-
(embedded systems)
(user-programmable) programmable)
General Purpose
(user-
Pre-programmed
Personal Computers
programmable)
General Purpose
Watches
(user-
General Workstations
programmable)
Purpose
(user-
Telephones Mainframes
programmab
General
le) Purpose
(user-Televisions Supercomputers
programmable)
 Review of computer systems
Hardware:
 Computer Equipment

Software:
 Computer Programs

Databases:
 An organized collections of facts
Information can be presented in
various forms:
 in the form of symbolic or writing for
example: text, numbers, symbols (text
tutorial), graphics (map), tables;
 in the form of gestures or signals (traffic
light);
 in the form of verbal (conversation);
Unit of information's volume
 Encryption the information

Code - a set of symbols to represent information.

Encoding - is a process of presentation the

information in the form of code.
 Bits and Bytes
 Bit - is the smallest unit of information's volume measurement
and denoted by a binary number.

 These two symbols 0 and 1 are called bits

 More larger units of information's volume measurement is

considered to be 1 byte, which consists of 8 bits.

 1 byte = 8 bits.
Evolution of computer systems.
Evolution of computer systems.
Evolution of computer systems.

Charles Babbage (1791-1871) designed the

first automatic computing engine. He invented
computers but failed to build them. The first
complete Babbage Engine was completed in
London in 2002, 153 years after it was
designed.
Evolution of computer systems.
Architecture and components of
computer systems.
 Computer
architecture deals
with the logical
and physical
design of a
computer system.
Architecture and components of
computer systems.
 The main components required for a computer system are listed
below:
 Central processing unit (CPU)
 Random access memory (RAM)
 Read-only memory (ROM)
 Input / output (I/O) ports
 The system bus
 A power supply unit (PSU)
Architecture and components of computer
systems.
Using computer systems.
When we are learning

When we are working

 Data presentation in computer
systems.
 Detecting Voltage Levels
 Why not 10 levels?
Would be unreliable
Not enough difference between states
 On/Off
 Fully Charged - Fully Discharged
 Magnetized - Demagnetized

26
 Bits, Bytes, and so on
A bit is one 0 or 1
 Short for “binary digit”
A byte is a collection of 8 bits
 They named it “byte” instead of “bite” so
you couldn’t easily mess up the spelling
and confuse it with “bit”.

27
The Binary Numbering System
 A computer’s internal storage techniques are different from the
way people represent information in daily lives

 We see and type numbers and letters.

 The computer sees ones and zeros for everything

 All information inside a digital computer is stored as a collection

of binary data

28
 Binary Representation of Numeric
and Textual Information
 Binary numbering system
 Base-2
 Built from ones and zeros
 Each position is a power of 2
1101 = 1 x 23 + 1 x 22 + 0 x 21 + 1 x 20
 Decimal numbering system
 Base-10
 Each position is a power of 10
3052 = 3 x 103 + 0 x 102 + 5 x 101 + 2 x 100

29
 Input of Data Resources
Data entry
Editing
Machine readable
Source documents
 Formal record of a transaction
User interface
 How users interact with information system
 Optical scanning; menu; prompts; fill in blanks
 Process Data into Information

 Calculate
 Compare
 Sort
 Classify
 Summarize

 The quality of the data must be maintained by a
continual process of correcting and updating activities
 Output of Information
Transmit information to users
 Display; paper; audio
Storage of data
 Data are retained in an organized manner
Fields; records; files; data bases
Control of system performance
 Feedback must be monitored and evaluated to
determine if the information system is meeting
established performance standards
Information System Resources

People

Dat
a

Softwar
e

Hardwar
e

Network
s
Roles of Information Systems

Support of
Strategic
Advantage

Support of
Managerial
Decision
Making

Support of
Business
Operations
A Framework for Business End
Users

Management of IS
Resources and Strategies

Development of IS
Solutions to Business Problems

Applications of IS
To Operations, Management, and Strategic Advantage

Technology IS
Hardware, Software, Networks , and Data Management

Foundation Concepts of IS
Fundamental Behavioral and Technical Concepts
 Q&A.

Have you any



questions ???
Thank you for your


attention !!!