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Pathological Anatomy Introduction

Pathological anatomy is the scientific study of disease through microscopic examination of cellular and tissue changes in organs and organ systems. It involves the morphological examination of tissues, cells, and ultrastructural changes from autopsies, biopsies, and experimental animals. The goals of pathological anatomy are to study the etiology, pathogenesis, morphology, and outcomes of diseases as well as the mechanisms of death. Key methods include autopsy, biopsy, disease modeling in animals, and microscopic examination of tissues and cells.

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63 views9 pages

Pathological Anatomy Introduction

Pathological anatomy is the scientific study of disease through microscopic examination of cellular and tissue changes in organs and organ systems. It involves the morphological examination of tissues, cells, and ultrastructural changes from autopsies, biopsies, and experimental animals. The goals of pathological anatomy are to study the etiology, pathogenesis, morphology, and outcomes of diseases as well as the mechanisms of death. Key methods include autopsy, biopsy, disease modeling in animals, and microscopic examination of tissues and cells.

Uploaded by

Rashid Nawaz
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PATHOLOGICAL

ANATOMY
E S H I E VA A S E L
DEFENITION
Pathological anatomy - scientific and applied discipline that studies the
pathological processes and disease through research, mostly microscopic,
study the changes occurring in cells and tissues, organs and organ systems.
Pathological anatomy - is the science which studies are morphological
changes in organs, tissues, cells, ultrastructure in diseases, as well as the
immediate cause of death, objects of study which are the bodies of people who
died from various diseases, biopsies, surgical material, organs and tissues of
the experimental animals studied by the main morphological studies based on
clinical data.
Object consists of two parts
1. General pathological anatomy studies the typical pathological processes that make up the
disease (blood and lymph circulation disorders, inflammation, immunopathological
processes, regeneration, atrophy, hypertrophy, tumor growth, necrosis, etc.).
2. System (special) pathological anatomy studies the morphological manifestations of certain
diseases (nosological forms), for example, tuberculosis, rheumatism, liver cirrhosis, etc.
Tasks of pathological anatomy:

• 1) study of the etiology of the disease (causes and conditions of the disease);

• 2) study of the pathogenesis of the disease (development mechanism);

• 3) study of the morphology of the disease, i.e., structural changes in the body and tissues;

• 4) the study of the morphogenesis of the disease, i.e., diagnostic structural changes;

• 5) study of the pathomorphosis of the disease;

• 6) study of complications of diseases;

• 7) study of the outcomes of the disease;

• 8) the study of thanatogenesis (the mechanism of death);

• 9) assessment of the functioning and condition of damaged organs.


TASKS OF PRACTICAL PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY:

• 1) control of the correctness and timeliness of the clinical diagnosis (autopsy). Timeliness of the diagnosis means
that the diagnosis must be made within 3 days, in case of a serious condition of the patient - in the first hours;

• 2) advanced training of the attending physician (the attending physician is always present at the autopsy). For
each case of discrepancy in the diagnosis in the clinic, a clinical and anatomical conference is held, where a
specific analysis of the disease is carried out;

• 3) direct participation in the formulation of an intravital clinical diagnosis (by biopsy and examination of the
operating material).
METHODS OF RESEARCH IN
PATHOLOGY
• Autopsy (macroscopic research, деfence material on microscopic examination).
• Biopsy (incisional, puncture, endoscopic, aspiration).
• Disease modeling in the experimental animals
MICROSCOPIC METHODS
Light microscopic: stain hematoxylin and eosin , Van
Gieson's, mix Romanovsky-Giemsa, etc.

histochemistry

immunofluorescence

immunohistochemistry

polarizing microscopy

Fluorescent microscopy

Electronic microscopic
LEVELS
organismic

systemic

organ

tissue

cellular

ultrastructural

molecular
METHODS OF LEARNING AND
TEACHING MATERIAL
• Lectures
• The textbook, teaching aids
• Necropsy
• Museums macropreparations
• Histological preparations
• Electronic photography
• Situational tasks, tests
• UIRS - Study research work of students
• NIRS - research work of students

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