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H.264/ AVC: Compression Standard

H.264, also known as AVC, is a video compression standard developed by the ITU-T Video Coding Experts Group and the ISO/IEC Moving Picture Experts Group. It was created to improve upon prior standards with higher compression efficiency, supporting resolutions up to HD. H.264 achieves around 50% better compression than prior standards like MPEG-2, reducing bandwidth and storage needs. It uses a variety of new techniques including smaller block sizes, an adaptive deblocking filter, and enhanced motion compensation and entropy coding. H.264 has become widely used for recording, compression, and distribution of HD video due to its improvements over earlier standards.

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94 views21 pages

H.264/ AVC: Compression Standard

H.264, also known as AVC, is a video compression standard developed by the ITU-T Video Coding Experts Group and the ISO/IEC Moving Picture Experts Group. It was created to improve upon prior standards with higher compression efficiency, supporting resolutions up to HD. H.264 achieves around 50% better compression than prior standards like MPEG-2, reducing bandwidth and storage needs. It uses a variety of new techniques including smaller block sizes, an adaptive deblocking filter, and enhanced motion compensation and entropy coding. H.264 has become widely used for recording, compression, and distribution of HD video due to its improvements over earlier standards.

Uploaded by

Abhishek Ravi
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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H.

264/ AVC
compression standard
Submitted by :SAJANA.A.J ROLL.NO:42

CONTENTS
Introduction Evaluation of video coding standards Structure of AVC encoder Organization of bit stream Intra&inter coding structure Adaptive de-blocking filter Entropy coding Profiles Advantages Application Comparison with other standards Conclusion

INTRODUCTION
MPEG and VCEG developed the H.264 Entitled as Advanced Video Coding(AVC) Published jointly as part 10 of MPEG-4 Better compression of video images Video quality is similar to MPEG-2 but is economical with the use of bandwidth Less expensive to distribute, thus used in HDTV

H.264 is commonly used formats for recording,compression,and distribution of HD Video

EVOLUTION OF VIDEO CODING STANDARDS


ITU-T Standard
Joint ITU-T/MPEG Standards MPEG Standard H.261 H.261 H.263 H.263+ H.263++ (Version 1) (Version 2)

H.262/MPEG-2

H.264/MPEG-4 AVC

MPEG-1

MPEG-4 (Version 1)

MPEG-4 (Version 2)

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

STRUCTURE OF H.264/AVC VIDEO ENCODER


Video Coding Layer
Control Data Coded Macroblock

Data Partitioning
Coded Slice/Partition Network Abstraction Layer H.320 MP4FF H.323/IP MPEG-2 etc.

Organization of bit stream


Picture
Internet protocol network

Picture Slice Slice Start to decode

Video picture is divided into integer number of slices Video stream is organized in discrete blocks called NAL unit To encode color images H264 uses YCbCr color space which is fixed at 4:2:0

Basic coding structure of H.264/AVC for a macroblock


Input Video Signal Coder Control Transform/ Scal./Quant. Control Data Quant. Transf. coeffs Scaling & Inv. Transform Entropy Coding De-blocking Filter

Split into Macroblocks 16x16 pixels

Decoder

Intra-frame Prediction MotionCompensation

New features of H.264


Output Video Signal Motion Data

Intra/Inter

Motion Estimation

Four main stages


Dividing each video frame into blocks of pixels so that processing of the video frame can be conducted at the block level exploiting the spatial redundancies that exist within the video frame by coding some of the original blocks through spatial prediction, transform, quantization and entropy coding . Exploiting the temporal dependencies that exist between blocks in successive frames, so that only changes between successive frames need to be encoded. Exploiting any remaining spatial redundancies that exist within the video frame by coding the residual blocks.

TRANSFORM
Incoming 4x4 Block Integer Transform transformed4 x4 Block

Incoming 8x8 Block

DCT Transform

transformed8 x8 Block

INTRA&INTER CODING STRUCTURE


Intra Coding Structure
Intra Frame Motion estimation cannot be exploited Eliminate spatial redundancy
resulting picture called I-picture

Motion Compensation
Previously encoded frame reference frame Frame to be encoded P picture

When the previous frame and future frame chosen as


reference frames, frame to encoded B picture efficiency is improved through added flexibility and functionality

Modes for dividing macroblock for motion estimation


1 macroblock partition of 16*16 luma samples and associated chroma samples 2 macroblock partitions of 16*8 luma samples and associated chroma samples 2 macroblock partitions of 8*16 luma samples and associated chroma samples 4 sub-macroblocks of 8*8 luma samples and associated chroma samples 0 0 1 1 2 3 1

Macroblock partitions

0 0

1 sub-macroblock partition of 8*8 luma samples and associated chroma samples

2 sub-macroblock partitions of 8*4 luma samples and associated chroma samples 0

2 sub-macroblock partitions 4 sub-macroblock partitions of 4*8 luma samples and of 4*4 luma samples and associated chroma samples associated chroma samples 0 0 1 2 3 1

Sub-macroblock partitions

0 1

Adaptive de- blocking filter


Used to remove artifacts 4*4 transforms and block-based motion compensation Improve quality but increases the complexity Result in bit rate savings of around 6~9%

Without Filter

With AVC Deblocking Filter

ENTROPY CODING
Entropy coding is for assigning the code words to the symbols Transform coefficients for residual data, motion vectors and encoder information Performed either a combination of UVLC tables with CAVLC and CABAC Efficiency increased by CABAC

PROFILES

ADVANTAGES
H.264 project was to develop a highperformance video coding standard . Up to 50% in bit rate saving High quality video Error resilience Network friendliness

Application requirements

COMPARISON WITH OTHERS

CONCLUSION
H.264 is the standard of both ITU-T VCEG and ISO/IEC MPEG gains in compression efficiency of up to 50% compared to previous standards

New key features are:


- Enhanced motion compensation - Small blocks for transform coding - Integer transform - Improved deblocking filter - Enhanced entropy coding Increased complexity relative to prior standards

REFERENCES
1] Draft ITU-T recommendation and final draft international standard of joint videospecification (ITU-T Rec. H.264/ISO/IEC 14 496-10 AVC,in Joint Video Team (JVT) ofISO/IEC MPEG and ITU-T VCEG, JVTG050,2003. [2] Generic Coding of Moving Pictures and Associated Audio Information - Part 2: Video,ITU-T and ISO/IEC JTC 1, ITU-T Recommendation H.262 and ISO/IEC 13 818-2 (MPEG-2),1994. [3] Video Codec for Audiovisual Services at p_64 kbit=s ITU-T Recommendation H.261,Version 1, ITU-T, ITU-T Recommendation H.261 Version 1, 1990. [4] Video Coding for Low Bit Rate Communication, ITU-T, ITU-T Recommendation35

THANK YOU!!!!!

ANY QUESTIONS????

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