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    Quantum Theory

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    Quantum theory explains the nature and behavior of matter and energy on the atomic and subatomic level. It was first proposed in 1900 by Max Planck who theorized that energy existed in individual units called quanta. Over subsequent decades, scientists like Albert Einstein, Louis de Broglie, and Werner Heisenberg further developed quantum theory through principles like wave-particle duality and the uncertainty principle. Technologies like lasers, MRI machines, and electronics rely on the phenomena described by quantum theory.

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    Quantum Theory

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    ash
    58 views6 pages
    Quantum theory explains the nature and behavior of matter and energy on the atomic and subatomic level. It was first proposed in 1900 by Max Planck who theorized that energy existed in individual units called quanta. Over subsequent decades, scientists like Albert Einstein, Louis de Broglie, and Werner Heisenberg further developed quantum theory through principles like wave-particle duality and the uncertainty principle. Technologies like lasers, MRI machines, and electronics rely on the phenomena described by quantum theory.

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    SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION IN EUROPE

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    Quantum theory explains the nature and behavior of matter and energy on the atomic and subatomic level. It was first proposed in 1900 by Max Planck who theorized that energy existed in individual units called quanta. Over subsequent decades, scientists like Albert Einstein, Louis de Broglie, and Werner Heisenberg further developed quantum theory through principles like wave-particle duality and the uncertainty principle. Technologies like lasers, MRI machines, and electronics rely on the phenomena described by quantum theory.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    58 views6 pages

    Quantum Theory

    Uploaded by

    ash
    Quantum theory explains the nature and behavior of matter and energy on the atomic and subatomic level. It was first proposed in 1900 by Max Planck who theorized that energy existed in individual units called quanta. Over subsequent decades, scientists like Albert Einstein, Louis de Broglie, and Werner Heisenberg further developed quantum theory through principles like wave-particle duality and the uncertainty principle. Technologies like lasers, MRI machines, and electronics rely on the phenomena described by quantum theory.

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    QUANTUM THEORY

    SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION IN EUROPE


    QUANTUM THEORY

    Quantum theory is the theoretical basis of modern physics


    that explains the nature and behavior of matter and energy on
    the atomic and subatomic level. The nature and behavior of
    matter and energy at that level is sometimes referred to as
    quantum physics and quantum mechanics.

    Semiconductors are able to accommodate a wide range of


    currents and voltages, making them useful in everyday
    electronics such as computers, LED lights, TVs, cell phones,
    and smart devices. In fact, the rise of all electronics is directly
    linked to our understanding of quantum mechanics.
    In 1900, physicist Max Planck presented his quantum theory to
    the German Physical Society. Planck had sought to discover the
    reason that radiation from a glowing body changes in color from
    red, to orange, and, finally, to blue as its temperature rises. He
    found that by making the assumption that energy existed in
    individual units in the same way that matter does, rather than just
    as a constant electromagnetic wave - as had been formerly
    assumed - and was therefore quantifiable, he could find the
    answer to his question. The existence of these units became the
    first assumption of quantum theory.

    Planck wrote a mathematical equation involving a figure to


    represent these individual units of energy, which he called
    quanta. The equation explained the phenomenon very well;
    Planck found that at certain discrete temperature levels (exact
    multiples of a basic minimum value), energy from a glowing
    body will occupy different areas of the color spectrum. Planck
    assumed there was a theory yet to emerge from the discovery of
    quanta, but, in fact, their very existence implied a completely
    new and fundamental understanding of the laws of nature.
    Planck won the Nobel Prize in Physics for his theory in 1918,
    but developments by various scientists over a thirty-year period
    all contributed to the modern understanding of quantum theory.
    The Development of Quantum Theory
    • In 1900, Planck made the assumption that energy was made of individual units, or quanta.
    • In 1905, Albert Einstein theorized that not just the energy, but the radiation itself was
    quantized in the same manner.
    • In 1924, Louis de Broglie proposed that there is no fundamental difference in the makeup and
    behavior of energy and matter; on the atomic and subatomic level either may behave as if
    made of either particles or waves. This theory became known as the principle of wave-particle
    duality: elementary particles of both energy and matter behave, depending on the conditions,
    like either particles or waves.
    • In 1927, Werner Heisenberg proposed that precise, simultaneous measurement of two
    complementary values - such as the position and momentum of a subatomic particle - is
    impossible. Contrary to the principles of classical physics, their simultaneous measurement is
    inescapably flawed; the more precisely one value is measured, the more flawed will be the
    measurement of the other value. This theory became known as the uncertainty principle,
    which prompted Albert Einstein's famous comment, "God does not play dice."
    Technologies that rely on quantum phenomena are all
    around us. The first wave of quantum technologies gave
    us the transistor. These devices became the foundation of
    modern computers and digital communication. Other
    examples of technologies powered by quantum mechanics
    include:

    1. MRI scanners for medical imaging


    2. Lasers
    3. Solar cells
    4. Electron microscopes
    5. Atomic clocks used for GPS
    CONCLUSION

    Quantum theory states that there are only certain allowed energy states for an electron and that these are quantized. Further,
    it tells us that no two electrons, in the same system, can occupy the same energy state, and that all the energy states are
    filled from the lowest levels to the highest levels.

    It is important to comprehend quantum theory because it seeks to understand the characteristics and actions of the very
    elements that make up nature. While many quantum studies focus on extremely tiny things like electrons and photons,
    quantum processes are present everywhere and affect scales of all sizes.

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