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Introduction To Arpa

This document provides an introduction to Automatic Radar Plotting Aids (ARPA). It discusses how radar technology has improved ship navigation and detection since World War II. ARPA integrates with radar systems to automatically calculate and provide collision avoidance data like target course and speed to users. The document explains how radar and ARPA work, including transmitter, receiver, scanner, and display components. It also outlines carriage requirements for radar and ARPA onboard ships according to SOLAS regulations.

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HEIDI ROSE MENDOZA
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153 views8 pages

Introduction To Arpa

This document provides an introduction to Automatic Radar Plotting Aids (ARPA). It discusses how radar technology has improved ship navigation and detection since World War II. ARPA integrates with radar systems to automatically calculate and provide collision avoidance data like target course and speed to users. The document explains how radar and ARPA work, including transmitter, receiver, scanner, and display components. It also outlines carriage requirements for radar and ARPA onboard ships according to SOLAS regulations.

Uploaded by

HEIDI ROSE MENDOZA
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION TO

ARPA
WEEK14 MSTM111
INTRODUCTION TO ARPA
Radars have been playing a vital role in ship navigation for several
decades now, assisting in collision avoidance and early detection of
obstacles.
The history of marine radars goes a long way back to the time of World
War II, when radars were introduced and effectively used by war ships for
tracking and detection.
Radar technology has improved immensely from post-WWII period to the
present and the application of computer technology to commercial
marine radar sets resulted in the introduction of Automatic Radar Plotting
Aids (ARPA).
ARPA
ARPA provides all the necessary
information for the radar users
and helps in saving a lot of
critical time from observing a
target to finding the data using
radar plotting and calculations.
Collision avoidance and detection
data is thus readily available to
the radar users in no time, just by
a click on the target.
Working of Radar and ARPA
Radar (Radio Detection And Ranging) consists of different
parts which can be mainly divided into:
a) Transmitter
b) Receiver
c) Scanner and
d) Display
Working of Radar and ARPA
The working process of Radar starts with an oscillator known as ‘magnetron’,
which has a fixed frequency. The magnetron takes electrical inputs from a power
source through a modulator and produces an output of electro-magnetic energy
known as ‘pulse’. These pulses are sent to the scanner or the antennae through a
metallic tube known as ‘wave guide’.
From the scanner these pulses are sent out to the atmosphere. The number of
pulses sent out through the scanner per second is called the Pulse Repetition
Frequency. The pulses travel through the atmosphere at the speed of light and
gets reflected back after striking any target on its way. The reflected echoes reach
back the scanner and the receiver processes and amplifies it and shows on the
display screen as a ‘blip’ which is identified as the detected target.
Working of Radar and ARPA
In the diagram, the following parts mentioned,
serve for the purpose as stated below.
1.Delay Line – It stores the energy received from
the power source.
2.Modulator – It switches on / off the
Magnetron and releases one DC pulse from
delay line to magnetron.
3.TR Cell – It blocks receiver part of the
waveguide during transmission and blocks
transmitter end during reception.
4.Mixer – Mixes received echoes with local
oscillations.
Working of ARPA
ARPA (Automatic Radar Plotting
Aid) is a computerised additional
feature to the Radar. ARPA takes
feed of the own ships course and
speed, and target’s course and speed,
and calculates the collision
avoidance data and simplifies the
need for the users to calculate the
data themselves. ARPA provides
various other additional features and
controls as well.
Carriage Requirement of Radar and
ARPA.
The Chapter V of SOLAS details the carriage requirement of Radar and
ARPA onboard ships
In the simplest words, they are as follows:-
•All ships of 300 GRT and above and all passenger vessels shall be fitted with a 9 GHz Radar and
an electronic plotting aid.
•All ships of 500 GRT and above shall be fitted with an automatic tracking aid to plot the range
and bearing of other targets.
•All ships of 3000 GRT and above, a 3 GHz Radar or a second 9 GHz Radar which are
functionally independent of the first 9 GHz Radar. A second automatic tracking aid to plot the
range and bearing of other targets, which is functionally independent of the first electronic
plotting aid.

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