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Pr2 Lesson 3 For Students

This document defines and classifies variables that are involved in quantitative research studies. It explains that variables are changing qualities or characteristics that can be measured, and identifies the main types of variables as numeric and categorical. Numeric variables measure quantities and can be continuous or discrete, while categorical variables describe qualities or characteristics and can be ordinal, nominal, dichotomous, or polytomous. The document also distinguishes between independent and dependent variables, with independent variables being the causes or predictors, and dependent variables being the effects or outcomes.

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Laquim Torre
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14 views24 pages

Pr2 Lesson 3 For Students

This document defines and classifies variables that are involved in quantitative research studies. It explains that variables are changing qualities or characteristics that can be measured, and identifies the main types of variables as numeric and categorical. Numeric variables measure quantities and can be continuous or discrete, while categorical variables describe qualities or characteristics and can be ordinal, nominal, dichotomous, or polytomous. The document also distinguishes between independent and dependent variables, with independent variables being the causes or predictors, and dependent variables being the effects or outcomes.

Uploaded by

Laquim Torre
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WHAT ARE

VARIABLES?
THEY ARE…
changing qualities or characteristics of
persons or things like age, gender,
intelligence, family size, family income,
achievements, educational attainment, and so
on that are involved in your research study.
Derived from the root word vary which means
to undergo changes or to differ from.
In a quantitative
research..
one important thing you have
to focus on at the start of your
study is to determine the
variables involved in your
study.
CLASSIFICATIONS
OF VARIABLES
1. NUMERIC VARIABLES
These are variables with values
that describe a measurable
numerical quantity and answer
the questions “how many” or
“how much”.
KINDS OF
NUMERIC
VARIABLES
a. CONTINUOUS VARIABLES
These variables can assume any value
between a certain set of real numbers.
The value depend on the scale used.
These variables are also called interval
variables. Some examples are time,
age, temperature, height, and weight.
b. DISCRETE VARIABLES
These variables can only assume any
whole value within the limits of the given
variables. Some examples are the number
of registered cars, number of business
locations, number of children in the family,
population of students, and total number of
faculty members.
2. CATEGORICAL VARIABLES
These are variables with
values that describe a quality
or characteristic of a data unit
like “what type” or “which
category”.
KINDS OF
CATEGORICAL
VARIABLES
a. ORDINAL VARIABLES
These variables can take a value which
can be logically ordered or ranked. Some
examples are academic grades such as
A, B, C; clothing sizes such as S, M, L,
XL; and measures of attitudes like
strongly agree, agree, disagree, or
strongly disagree.
b. NOMINAL VARIABLES
These are variables whose values
cannot be organized in a logical
sequence. Some examples are
business types, eye colors, kinds of
religion, various languages, and
types of learners.
c. DICHOTOMOUS
VARIABLES
These variables represent only
two categories. Some
examples are gender (male and
female), answer (yes and no),
and veracity (true and false).
d. POLYCHOTOMOUS
VARIABLES
These are variables that have many
categories. Some examples are
educational attainment (elementary, high
school, college, graduate, and
postgraduate), level of performance
(excellent, very good, good, satisfactory,
or poor).
EXPERIMENTAL
VARIABLES
a. INDEPENDENT
VARIABLES
These variables are those
that cause changes in the
subject. These are also
known as cause variables.
b. DEPENDENT VARIABLES
These variables are those that
manifest the effects caused by the
independent variables. Hence, in a
causal relationship, the cause comes
from the independent variables; the
effects, on the dependent variables.
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLE
Title of Research: An
Experiment on the Methods of
Teaching and Language
Achievement Among
Elementary Pupils
EXAMPLE
Independent Variable:
Methods of Teaching
Dependent Variable:
Language Achievement
EXAMPLE
Title of Research: Use of
Gardening Tools and Types
of Fertilizer: Their Effects
on the Amount of Harvest
EXAMPLE
Independent Variable: Use of
Gardening Tools and Types of
Fertilizer
Dependent Variable: Amount
of Harvest
Verse of the
Day!
ISAIAH 40:30-31
Even youths grow tired and weary, and
young men stumble and fall; but those
who hope in the LORD will renew their
strength. They will soar on wings like
eagles; they will run and not grow
weary, they will walk and not be faint.

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