GRADE

USE STRATEGIES AND PROPERTIES TO

4 MULTIPLY BY 1- DIGIT NUMBERS
CHAPTER-3
 USE STRATEGIES AND PROPERTIES TO MULTIPLY BY 1-DIGIT NUMBERS
Learning Objectives:

Students will be able to:

 Understand estimation.

 Understand standard algorithm.

 Understand partial products.

 Understand word problems.

 USE STRATEGIES AND PROPERTIES TO MULTIPLY BY 1-DIGIT NUMBERS
Introduction:

Prior knowledge:

1. What is meant by product?

2. What is meant by partial product?

3. What is a product of 3 × 4.

4. Identify the multiplication property in this example?

5 × ( 8 + 6) = (5 × 8) + (5 × 6)

5. What is meant by an algorithm?

 USE STRATEGIES AND PROPERTIES TO MULTIPLY BY 1-DIGIT NUMBERS
Introduction:

Prior knowledge:

Answers:
1. A product in math is a number that you get by multiplying two or more other numbers together.

2. Product obtained by multiplying a multiplicand by one digit of a multiplier having more than one
digit.
3. 12.

4. Distributive property.

5. An algorithm is a set of instructions for solving a problem or accomplishing a task.

USE STRATEGIES AND PROPERTIES TO MULTIPLY BY 1-DIGIT NUMBERS
3.6 Estimation, Standard Algorithm, Partial Products and Word Problems

Estimation:
Estimation means finding a number that is close enough to the right answer.

Example:
Estimate the product of 7 × 489 by rounding to the nearest hundred.
7 × 489
489 500

Multiply 7 × 500 = 3500

Multiply 7 × 489 = 3,423

3,423 is close to 3,500 it is reasonable.

 USE STRATEGIES AND PROPERTIES TO MULTIPLY BY 1-DIGIT NUMBERS
3.6 Estimation, Standard Algorithm, Partial Products and Word Problems

Standard Algorithm:
Standard algorithm is a way of doing multiplication by using partial products or multiplying in parts.
The following image indicates standard algorithm:

Example: 1,425 × 6
Steps:
1. Multiply the ones. Regroup if needed.
213
2. Multiply the tens, Add any extra Tens that were carried over. 1,425
Regroup if needed. × 6
3. Multiply the Hundreds, add any extra hundreds that
were carried over. Regroup if needed 8,550
4. Multiply the Thousands, add any extra thousands.
5. Finally check for reasonableness!

1,400 × 6 = 8,400
USE STRATEGIES AND PROPERTIES TO MULTIPLY BY 1-DIGIT NUMBERS
3.6 Estimation, Standard Algorithm, Partial Products and Word Problems

What is meant by partial products?

A model that breaks numbers down into their factors or place values to make multiplication easier.

Example: Multiply 215 × 9 215 × 9 = 200 × 9 + 10 × 9 + 5 × 9

Step1: Multiply 200 × 9 = 1800 = 1800 + 90 + 45

Step2: Multiply 10 × 9 = 90 = 1935

Step3: Multiply 5 × 9 = 45 PARTIAL PRODUCTS

Step4: Add 1800+90+45 =1935 PRODUCT

USE STRATEGIES AND PROPERTIES TO MULTIPLY BY 1-DIGIT NUMBERS
3.6 Estimation, Standard Algorithm, Partial Products and Word Problems

Example: Each T-Shirts' cost is $485. Find the cost of 6 T-Shirts?

Each frock's cost is $4,480. Find the cost of 3 frocks?
Also find the total cost for T-Shirts and Frocks.

Solution:
6 × $ 485 = C
Estimate : 6 × 485 is about 6 × $ 480= $ 2,880
Break apart 485 using place value and the distributive property.

6 × $ 485 = 6 × (400 + 85)

= 6 × 400 + 6 × 85
=2400 + 510
=2,910

The total cost of T-Shirts is $ 2,910.

USE STRATEGIES AND PROPERTIES TO MULTIPLY BY 1-DIGIT NUMBERS
3.6 Estimation, Standard Algorithm, Partial Products and Word Problems

3 × $ 4,480 = y
Estimate 3 × $ 4,480 is bout 3 × $ 4,500 = $ 13,440
Use an area model partial products.

4000 400 80

3 12000 1200 240

4,4 8 0
×3 Y= $ 13,440
2 4 0 3 × 80 Cost of 3 frocks is $13,440
12 0 0 3 × 400 Find the total cost of the dresses
+12 0 0 0 3 × 4000 2,910+13,440 = z
13 4 4 0 Estimate 3000+13,500 = $ 16,500
 USE STRATEGIES AND PROPERTIES TO MULTIPLY BY 1-DIGIT NUMBERS
3.6 Estimation, Standard Algorithm, Partial Products and Word Problems

Example1:
Find the product of 3 × (7+4) using the distributive property.
Using the distributive law, we:

 Multiply or distribute the outer term to the inner terms.

 Combine like terms.

 Solve the equation.

3(7 + 4) = 3(7) + 3(4)

= 21 + 12
= 33
USE STRATEGIES AND PROPERTIES TO MULTIPLY BY 1-DIGIT NUMBERS
3.6 Estimation, Standard Algorithm, Partial Products and Word Problems

Example2:
Let us understand this concept with distributive property examples.
For example, 3( 2 + 5) = 3 (7) = 21
Or
By distributive law
3( 2 + 5) = (3 × 2) + (3 × 5)
= 6 + 15
= 21

Here we are distributing the process of multiplying 3 evenly between 2 and 5. We observe that whether
we follow the order of the operation or distributive law or not, the result is the same.
 USE STRATEGIES AND PROPERTIES TO MULTIPLY BY 1-DIGIT NUMBERS
3.6 Estimation, Standard Algorithm, Partial Products and Word Problems

Example: Multiply 9 × 4860 using the standard algorithm model.

Steps:
1. Multiply the ones
2. Multiply the tens
3. Multiply the hundreds, add any extra hundreds that we were carried over.
4. Multiply the thousands, add any extra thousands.

7 5
4 8 6 0
x 9

4 3 7 4 0
 USE STRATEGIES AND PROPERTIES TO MULTIPLY BY 1-DIGIT NUMBERS
3.6 Estimation, Standard Algorithm, Partial Products and Word Problems

Example:
Use partial products to multiply 7 × $332.

Step 1: Estimate the product.

332 rounds to 300; 7 × $300 = 2100
Step 2: Multiply the 3 hundreds, or 300,
by77.× 300=$2100
Step 3: Multiply the 3 tens, or 30, by 7.
7 × 30 =$ 210
Step 4: Multiply the 2 ones, or 2, by 7.
7 × 2=$14
Step 5: Add the partial products.
So, 7 × $332 = $2,324. Since $2,324
is close to the estimate of $2,100
USE STRATEGIES AND PROPERTIES TO MULTIPLY BY 1-DIGIT NUMBERS
3.6 Estimation, Standard Algorithm, Partial Products and Word Problems

Multiply 7 × 332 using partial product strategy.

332
×7

2100 Partial products

210
+ 14

2 ,3 2 4 Product
USE STRATEGIES AND PROPERTIES TO MULTIPLY BY 1-DIGIT NUMBERS
3.6 Estimation, Standard Algorithm, Partial Products and Word Problems

Example:
Use partial products to multiply 4 × $534 Solve using an area model and partial product.

500 30 4
Step 1: Estimate the product.
4 × $534 is about estimate 4 × $ 500 = $2000 4 2000 120 16
Step 2: Multiply the 5 hundreds, or 500, by 4.
4 × 500 = 2000
Step 3: Multiply the 3 tens, or 30, by 4 534 4(500 + 30 + 4) 534
4 × 30=120 ×4 (4 × 500) + (3 × 30) + (4 × 4) ×4
Step 4: Multiply the 4 ones, or 4, by 4. 2000 16
4 × 4 = 16 120 120
Step 5: Add the partial products. + 16 +2000
So, 4 ×$ 534 = $2,136. Since $2,136 2136 2136
is close to the estimate of $2,000
The order of the addends not matter.
This is the commutative property of addition.
 USE STRATEGIES AND PROPERTIES TO MULTIPLY BY 1-DIGIT NUMBERS
Key Concepts Covered:

 Estimation, standard algorithm, partial products, and word problems.

USE STRATEGIES AND PROPERTIES TO MULTIPLY BY 1-DIGIT NUMBERS
Concept Map

Choose a strategy to
multiply

Estimation Standard algorithm

Partial product Word problems