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1 Patterns and Sequences

1. The document provides an overview of patterns and sequences in mathematics. It defines what a pattern and sequence are, provides examples, and discusses finding terms of sequences given a general term formula and finding the general term given terms. 2. Key concepts covered include identifying patterns in numbers, describing patterns seen in nature, cutting strings to form patterns of pieces, defining finite and infinite sequences, and writing the nth term of a sequence. 3. Examples are provided to illustrate finding terms of a sequence from its general term and determining the general term from given sequence terms.

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Jaira Romawak
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138 views23 pages

1 Patterns and Sequences

1. The document provides an overview of patterns and sequences in mathematics. It defines what a pattern and sequence are, provides examples, and discusses finding terms of sequences given a general term formula and finding the general term given terms. 2. Key concepts covered include identifying patterns in numbers, describing patterns seen in nature, cutting strings to form patterns of pieces, defining finite and infinite sequences, and writing the nth term of a sequence. 3. Examples are provided to illustrate finding terms of a sequence from its general term and determining the general term from given sequence terms.

Uploaded by

Jaira Romawak
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Quarter 1 - Module 1

PATTERNS AND SEQUENCES

Prepared by:
LOUIE P. ESMUNDO
Math 10 Teacher
OBJECTIVES:

1. Illustrate patterns and


relationships
2. Cite situations that generate
patterns
3. Define sequence
What I
Know
Let’s use the picture below to identify the next object in each
picture pattern.
Patterns and Sequences

A pattern is an arrangement of things


repeated in an orderly, recognizable fashion.

Example
1. What is the next figure in the pattern
below?
Numbers in a problem that are not given
can be found by using established pattern.
Example:
2. What number comes next in 1,3,5,7,9,
11
____?
Solution:
Looking at the given numbers, the sequence is increasing, with each term being
two more than the previous term: 3= 1+ 2, 5 = 3+2 , 7= 5+2 , and 9= 7+2.
Therefore, the next term should be 11 since 11 =9+2.
What particular object do you think
constitutes patterns and numbers? FACTS:
We are familiar with the
sunflower. This flower
demonstrates how nature
works to optimize the
available space. This
arrangement allows the
sunflower seeds to occupy
the flower head in a way
that maximizes their access
to light and necessary
nutrients.
Let’s Discover!
Direction: Read, understand, and perform the given instructions below then
answer the questions asked.
Materials: string, pair of scissors
1) Prepare five (5) strings with equal lengths.
2) Cut the first string once. (a) How many pieces are there? _____
Cut the second string twice. (b) How many pieces are there? _____
Cut the third string thrice. (c) How many pieces are there? _____
Cut the fourth string four times. (d) How many pieces are there? _____
Cut the fifth string five times. (e) How many pieces are there? _____
3) Based from your answers, complete the table below.
Let’s Discover!
4) Without cutting a string 6 times, how many pieces are there?
_____

5) Have you seen a pattern? If yes, describe the pattern and state
your conjecture. Use a formula or equation in your conjecture,
where y is the number of pieces and x is the number of cuts.

6) Using your conjecture, how many pieces of strings can be made


from (a)12 cuts? (b) 24 cuts? (c) 35 cuts? and (d) 42 cuts? Show
your solutions.
A sequence is a set of which is listed in a specific
order, one after another.
2, 5, 8, 11,14,… is called a sequence. The numbers
separated by commas, are the terms of the sequence.
In the above example, 2 is the first term, 5 is the second
term, 8 is the third term, 11 is the fourth term and 14 is the
fifth term.
The three dots “… ” indicate that the
sequence continues beyond 14, which is the
last written and also called infinite
sequence.
Ex.
a) Counting numbers: {1,2,3,4,5,...}
b) Multiples of 5: {5,10,15,20,15,...}
A sequence with a definite number of terms
is a finite sequence. In a finite sequence, the
first and the last are clearly identified.
Ex.
a) Days of the week:
{𝑆𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑦,𝑀𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑦,𝑇𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑑𝑎𝑦,...,𝑆𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑑𝑎𝑦}
b) First 10 positive perfect squares:
{1,4,9,16,25,36,49,64,81,100 }
, , , , ...

where represent the first term of the sequence


represents the second term of a sequence.
represents the third term of a sequence.
represents the nth term of a sequence.
Sometimes a pattern in the sequence can be
obtained and the sequence can be written
using a general term. In the previous
example 𝑥,, , , , ,..., each term has the same
exponent and coefficient. We can write this
sequence as = where 𝑛=1,2,3,4,5,6,..., and is
called the general or nth term.
General term or nth term of a sequence and
writing the term of the sequence

1. Finding several terms of a sequence, given the general


term

2. Finding the general term, given several terms of the


sequence
Finding several terms of a sequence, given
the general term
Ex. 1. Find the first four terms of the sequence =
2𝑛−1.

2. Find the first 5 terms of 12-3n

3. Find the first 5 terms of


Finding the general term, given several terms
of the sequence
Ex. Write the general term of the following
sequences.
1. 5, 12, 19, 26, 33, …

2. 2,4,8,16,32,...

3. 50, 40, 30, 20, …


Finding the general term, given several terms
of the sequence
Solution.
Finding the general term, given several terms
of the sequence
Answer.
Therefore, the nth term of the sequence
is =𝟕𝒏 – 𝟐, where 𝑛=1,2,3,4,5,...
Finding the general term, given several terms
of the sequence
Solution.
Finding the general term, given several terms
of the sequence
Answer.
Therefore, the nth term of the sequence
is =, where 𝑛=1,2,3,4,5,...
Quiz:
Answer the following.
A. Write the first four terms of each sequence
1. 2n – 1

B. Write an expression for the nth term of the given sequence.


1. 2,4,6,8,10,...
2. 3,9,27,81,...
3. 3,5,7,9,11,…

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