Lesson IV

Draw Commands
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A: LINEARS

1. LINE (L)
Creates straight line segments A B
With Close and Undo features.

2. PLINE (PL)

POLYLIN
E

LINEARS

CURVES

Exercises #1: Draw a 4x3 rectangle using Pline, width = 0

Exercises #2: Draw a pline using line, arc and width options
3. MLINE (ML)
Creates multiple parallel lines

4. RAY
Creates semi-infinite lines commonly used as construction lines. A ray has a
finite starting point and extends to infinity.

5. XLINE (XL)
Creates infinite lines, which are commonly used as construction lines.

Exercises # 5: Using Ray

Exercises # 6: Using xline

B: CURVES
1. CIRCLE (C)
You can create circles in several ways. The default option is to specify the center and radius. You
can also specify the center and diameter or define the diameter alone with two points. You can
define the circle's circumference with three points. You can also create a circle tangent to three
existing objects or create it tangent to two objects and specify a radius

OPTIONS:
A. Center, Radius
B. Center, Diameter
C. 2Points
D. 3 Points
E. Tan, Tan, Rad
F. Tan, Tan, Tan

Exer. # A Exer. # B Exer. # C Exer. # D Exer. # E Exer. # F

2. REVCLOUD
Creates a polyline of sequential arcs to form a cloud-shaped object.

You can select a style for a revision cloud: Normal or Calligraphy. If you select
Calligraphy, the revision cloud looks as if it was drawn with a calligraphy pen.

Exer. # 7
3. DONUT (DO)
Draws filled circles and rings
A donut is a close polyline composed of wide arc segments. How AutoCAD fills the interior of a
donut depends on the current setting of FILL command.

Exercises # 8: Inside Diameter Exercises # 9: Outside Diameter

4. SPLINE (SPL)
Creates a quadratic or cubic spline (NURBS) curve

SPLINE fits a smooth curve to a sequence of points within a specified tolerance. AutoCAD uses
NURBS (nonuniform rational B-splines) mathematics, which stores and defines a class of curve
and surface data.

Exercises # 10: Use Spline to create curves

5. ELLIPSE (EL)
Creates an Ellipse or an elliptical arc
If PELLIPSE = 1, ellipse is a pline representation
If PELLIPSE = 0, ellipse is a true ellipse object

Use ELLIPSE + Isocircle to create isometric circles (for isometric drawing only).

Exercises # 11: Using Ellipse

6. ARC
Creates an arc (SEE PAGE 29)
C: SPECIAL OBJECTS
1. RECTANG (REC)
A pline entity. Rectang command draws rectangular object. The two specified points determine
the diagonal corners of a rectangle with sides parallel to the X and Y axis..

Exercises # 1: Draw a 40x30 Rectangle, width=0

Exercises # 2: Draw a 4x3 Rectangle,

using DIMENSION option

Exercises # 3: : Draw a Rectangle with an Area of 1200. Factors are 40

and 30, 60 and 20, 120 and 10

Exercises # 4: Draw a Rectangle with an Area of 1200 and

Rotated by 45 degrees
2. POLYGON (POL)
A polyline entity. Polygon command draws 2D polygons with 3 to 1024 sides.
All sides are equal and equidistant from the center.

Exercises # 1: Draw a Polygon using Circumscribed

Exercises # 2: Draw a Polygon using Inscribed

Exercises # 3: : Draw a Polygon using Edge

4. HATCH / BHATCH (H / BH)
Fills an enclosed area or selected objects with a hatch pattern, solid fill, or gradient fill (pline,
3Dface, etc.). A hatch pattern acts as one unit, unless when it's exploded.

Types of Hatch Pattern :

1. User defined - Creates a pattern of lines based on the current linetype in your
drawing. You can control the angle and spacing of the lines in your user-defined pattern.
2. Predefined - Specifics a stored predefined AutoCAD pattern. You can control the angle
and scale of any stored pattern.
3. Custom - Specifies a pattern that is defined in any custom .PAT file that you have
added to the AutoCAD search path.

User defined
Command: FILL
Enter mode [ON/OFF] <ON>: ON
10
Command: H or BHATCH(press enter) 2
1

Note: Annotative (since AutoCAD

2008) - A property that belongs to
objects that are commonly used to 3
annotate drawings. This property
allows you to automate the process of 6
4
scaling annotations. Annotative
objects are defined at a paper height 5
and display in layout viewports and
model space at the size determined by 7
the annotation scale set for those 8
spaces. 9
 10
2
1
3

6
5

7
8
9
Gradient (GD)

A gradient fill is a solid hatch fill that 8

gives the blended-color effect of a surface 1
with light on it. You can use gradient fills
to suggest a solid form in two-dimensional 2
3 4
drawings.

The color in a gradient fill makes a 5

smooth transition from light to dark, or 9
from dark to light, and back. You select a
predefined pattern (for example, linear
sweep, spherical and parabolic) and
specify an angle for the pattern. In a two-
color gradient fill, the transition is both
from light to dark and from the first color 6 7
to the second.
ISLAND DETECTION STYLE

NORMAL - Hatches or fills inward from the outer boundary. If HATCH encounters an
internal island, it turns off hatching or filling until it encounters another island within the island.
OUTER - Hatches or fills inward from the outer boundary. HATCH turns hatching or filling
off if it encounters an internal island. This option hatches or fills only the outermost level of the
structure and leaves the internal structure blank.
IGNORE - Ignores all internal objects and hatches or fills through them.

Using Outer Island Detection

Exercises # 1: : Applying Hatch

D: OBJECT SNAPS (TOOLS)
An object snap mode specifies a point at an exact location on an object. You can use an object snap
once in the middle of a command, or you can set running object snaps. Running object snap modes
can be toggled on and off with the Osnap button on the status bar or the function key F3. You can
use the TAB key to cycle through available object snaps. Object snap settings are stored with the
drawing.

Select the running object snaps you want, then choose OK.

Select All
Turns on all
Object snap modes

Clear All
Turns off all
Object snap modes

Fig.III-34. Showing Drafting Settings Object Snap dialog box

 Options for running Object Snap Tools Menu:
• Drafting Settings: Drafting Settings (see fig.Hl-34)
• Shortcut menu : Press SHIFT while right-clicking in the drawing area and choose
Osnap Settings. (see fig.III-34a, next page)
• Command : Osnap or OS (or 'osnap for transparent use)
• Status bar: Right click OSNAP on the status bar and choose Settings…

Running object snaps stay on until you turn them off. You can also turn on more than one
running object snap at a time.

To use individual object snap at the prompt for a point, hold down the Shift Key and right click in the
drawing area, then choose the object snap mode from the list. You can also enter/type the first three characters
of the object snap. If you enter more than one name, separate the names with commas.
Tracking
FROm
ENDpoint
MIDpoint
INTersection
APParent intersection
EXTension
CENter
Shift
QUDdrant
TANgent
PERpendicular Fig. IV-3a using SHIFT and Right Click
(shortcut menu)
PARrallel
INSert
NODe
NEArest
NONe
Object Snap
ENDpoint - snaps to the closest endpoint of an arc,
elliptical arc, line, mline, polyline segment, or ray or to
the closest corner of a trace, solid, or 3D face.
MIDpoint - Snaps to the midpoint of an arc, ellpise,
elliptical arc, line mline, polyline segment, solid, spline
or xline.
INTersection - Snaps to the intersection of an arc, circle,
ellipse, elliptical arc, line, mline, polyline, ray, spline or xline.
You may get varying results if you have both
Intersection and Apparent Intersection on at the
same time.
EXTension - Snaps to the extension point of an object.
You can establish an extension path by moving the
cursor over the endpoint of an object. A marker is placed
on the endpoint. While the endpoint is marked, the
cursor snaps to the extension path of the endpoint.
APParent Intersection - Apparent intersection snaps to the
apparent intersection of two objects (arc, circle, ellipse,
elliptical arc, line, mline, polyline, ray, spline or xline) that do
not intersect in 3d space but appear to intersect in the drawing
display.
CENter - Snaps to the center of an arc, circle, ellipse or
elliptical arc
NODe - Snaps to a point object.
QUAdrant - Snaps to a quadrant point of an arc, circle, ellipse,
or elliptical arc.
INSection - Snaps to the intersection point of an attribute, a
block, a shape, or text.
TANgent - Snaps to the tangent of an arc, circle, ellipse or
elliptical arc.
NEArest - Snaps to the nearest point on an arc, circle, ellipse,
elliptical arc, line, inline, plyline, spline or xline.
PERpendicular - Snaps to a point perpendcular to an arc,
circle, ellipse, elliptical arc, line, inline, polyline, ray, solid,
spline or xline.
PARallel - Snaps to an extension in parallel with an object. When you move the cursor over
the endpoint of an object, the endpoint is marked and the cursor snaps to the parallel
alignment path to that object. The laignment path is calculated from the current “ from
point” of the command.
NONe - Turns off object snap modes.
M2P or MTP(Mid between two points) - Locates the midpoint between two points (Use
SHIFT & Right-click or type M2P)
OBJECT SNAP TRACKING(OTRACK)
Use object snap tracking to track along alignment paths that are based on object snap
points.
5. ARC Creates an Arc, default direction is counterclockwise. Some common methods for
creating Arc

Exercises # 7,8,9,10,11,12: : ARC