Group 3 presentation

FOOTBALL
What is football or often referred to as Soccer?
In trod ucti on

Football, often referred to as soccer in

some parts of the world, is a captivating and
globally beloved sport that unites people
across cultures and continents. With its origins
dating back centuries, this beautiful game
combines skill, strategy, teamwork, and an
unyielding passion that transcends
language barriers. Whether played on
sprawling stadiums or dusty streets, football
has an unparalleled ability to create moments
of exhilaration, heartbreak, and unity, making
it one of the most cherished and enduring
sports worldwide.
History
Football, or soccer as it's known in some regions, has a long history that dates back to
various cultures and civilizations. The modern form of football, as we know it today,
has evolved over centuries and wasn't the result of a single individual's idea. Different
cultures around the world had games involving kicking a ball, and these games
gradually evolved into the sport we recognize today. The rules and organization of the
game were developed through collective efforts and discussions over time.
The modern form of football began to take shape in the 19th century in England.
Various schools and communities had their own sets of rules, leading to
inconsistencies in how the game was played. In 1863, the Football Association (FA)
was founded in England, and it established standardized rules for the game,
including the prohibition of using hands to touch the ball, except for the
goalkeeper.
The sport's popularity spread rapidly across Europe, and by the late 19th century,
international matches were being organized. The need for a single set of
international rules led to the formation of the International Football Association
Board (IFAB) in 1886.
The IFAB

The International Football Association Board (IFAB) is the body

responsible for determining the Laws of the Game for association
football (soccer). It consists of representatives from each of the four
British football associations (England, Scotland, Wales, and
Northern Ireland), as well as FIFA. They collaborate to decide and
implement changes to the rules of the sport.
Laws of IFAB 1-2

There are 17 basic soccer rules that are standard for any professional
soccer match played. However, the fundamental rules of soccer can be
modified to suit veterans, disabilities, grassroots-level, and youth soccer
games.
Football must have Laws which keep the game fair – this is a crucial
foundation of the ‘beautiful game’ and a vital feature of the ‘spirit’
of the game. The best matches are those where the referee is rarely
needed because the players play with respect for each other, the match
officials and the Laws.
To promote a greater understanding of the Laws, The IFAB has
published ‘Football Rules – simplified Laws of the Game’, which have
been written to make the Laws easier to understand, especially for
young people, potential or newly qualified referees, adults who referee
occasionally, players, coaches(including those working towards a
coaching qualification), spectators and the media.
Laws of IFAB 2-2
• 1THE FIELD OF PLAY
• 2THE BALL
• 3THE PLAYERS
• 4THE PLAYERS' EQUIPMENT
• 5THE REFEREE
• 6THE OTHER MATCH OFFICIALS
• 7THE DURATION OF THE MATCH
• 8THE START AND RESTART OF PLAY
• 9THE BALL IN AND OUT OF PLAY
• 10DETERMINING THE OUTCOME OF A MATCH
• 11OFFSIDE
• 12FOULS AND MISCONDUCT
• 13FREE KICKS
• 14THE PENALTY KICK
• 15THE THROW-IN
Laws of IFAB

Law 1 of the International Football

Association Board (IFAB) pertains to the
"Field of Play." It outlines the dimensions
and markings of the football field,
including the measurements of the field
itself, the goalposts, the penalty area, the
center circle, and other relevant markings.
This law ensures that the playing surface is
standardized and consistent across different
matches, providing a fair and uniform
environment for the game of football.
The field
The football field, also known as the soccer pitch, is
the playing surface where the game of football (soccer)
is played. It typically consists of a rectangular area
with specific dimensions and markings. The field is
outlined by boundary lines, and it includes various
markings such as the center circle, penalty areas, goal
areas, and more. The field provides the space where
the players compete and follow the rules of the game
to score goals and determine the winner.
Laws of IFAB

Law 2 of the International Football Association

Board (IFAB) pertains to the ball used in a football
(soccer) match. It covers various aspects of the ball,
including its size, weight, and characteristics. It
outlines that the ball should be spherical and made of
leather or other suitable materials. The law specifies
the ball's circumference, weight, and pressure
requirements. Additionally, it provides guidance on
the conditions of the ball, stating that it must be safe
and in good condition for play. Law 2 ensures
consistency in the characteristics of the ball used in
official matches.
The ball
The football used in soccer matches is typically made of materials
like leather or synthetic materials. It should be spherical in shape
and have a specific circumference, weight, and pressure as defined
by the rules set out by organizations like the International Football
Association Board (IFAB). The specific requirements for the ball
are outlined in Law 2 of the Laws of the Game, which ensures
uniformity and fairness in matches. The ball's design,
construction, and characteristics have evolved over time to
enhance performance and durability during play.
Law 3: The players
Law 3 of the IFAB's Laws of the Game pertains to the
number of players on a team. It's titled "The Players" and
outlines the rules related to the number of players
allowed on the field, their equipment, and substitutions.
This law specifies details about the minimum and
maximum number of players required to start a match,
the player's equipment (such as jerseys, shorts, socks,
and footwear), and the procedures for making
substitutions during a match. It essentially covers the
basic guidelines for player participation and equipment
in a football match.
Here are some common positions:
• Goalkeeper: The player who defends the goal and tries to prevent the opposing
team from scoring.
• Defenders: These players are responsible for protecting their own goal and
stopping the opposing team's attacks. Common defender positions include center-
backs, full-backs, and wing-backs.
• Midfielders: Midfielders control the flow of the game, often linking defense and
attack. They can be categorized as defensive midfielders, central midfielders, and
attacking midfielders.
• Forwards: Also known as strikers or attackers, these players are responsible for
scoring goals. They can be central forwards (strikers) or wide forwards (wingers).
Different formations and tactical strategies can lead to variations in player positions
and roles on the field. The positions are not fixed, and players might need to adapt
to different .
 Laws of IFAB

Law 4 in the Laws of the Game, as established by the

International Football Association Board (IFAB), is
about the equipment used in football matches. It covers
various aspects related to the players' equipment,
including the basic equipment that players must wear,
such as shirts, shorts, socks, shin guards, and footwear.
The law also outlines rules regarding the safety of the
players' equipment, such as ensuring that no equipment
poses a danger to players or opponents. Additionally,
Law 4 provides guidelines for the referee's decision-
making if a player's equipment becomes damaged or
lost during a match.
Equipment's of players
The equipment that players typically wear in a football (soccer) match includes:
• Jersey/Shirt: Players wear a jersey or shirt that identifies their team. The jersey must
have a number on the back, which corresponds to the player's assigned number on the
team roster.
• Shorts: Players wear shorts as part of their uniform.
• Socks: Socks are worn to cover the lower part of the legs. They should match the team's
colors and not cover the knee.
• Shin Guards: These protective guards are worn underneath the socks to protect the shin
area from impact.
• Footwear/Cleats: Players wear football-specific shoes with studs or cleats on the sole to
provide traction on the grass field. The type of cleats may vary depending on the playing
surface (natural grass, artificial turf, etc.).
Equipment's of players
• Goalkeeper Gloves: Goalkeepers often wear specialized gloves to improve grip on the ball and
protect their hands while making saves.
• Additional Clothing: In cold weather, players may wear additional layers such as thermal tops or
leggings, as long as they are the same color as the main uniform.
It's important for players to follow these equipment rules to ensure the safety of all players on the
field and to maintain the integrity of the game.
Laws of IFAB

Law 5 in the IFAB's Laws of the Game pertains

to the "Referee." This law outlines the roles and
responsibilities of the referee during a soccer
match. It covers aspects such as the authority of
the referee, their decision-making power, and
their duties before, during, and after the game.
This law also provides information about the
referee's interactions with other match officials,
players, and team officials, as well as the
procedures for handling substitutions,
misconduct, and other situations that may arise
during the course of a match.
Referee’s equipment
Referees in soccer typically wear a specific set of equipment to distinguish themselves
and perform their duties effectively. The standard referee equipment includes:
• Jersey: Referees usually wear a different colored jersey from the teams playing to
avoid confusion. Common colors are black, yellow, or green.
• Shorts: Referees wear shorts that match the color of their jersey.
• Socks: Socks that match the color of the shorts and jersey are worn.
• Whistle: A whistle is used by the referee to signal the start and stop of play, fouls, and
other decisions.
• Watch: Referees wear a watch to keep track of the match duration and added time.
• Notebook and Pen: Referees use these to record important information, such as
cautions (yellow cards) and send-offs (red cards).
Referee’s equipment
• Cards: Referees carry yellow and red cards to caution and send off players
for misconduct.
• Flags: Assistant referees (linesmen) use flags to signal offside and other
decisions to the main referee.
• Communication System: In some matches, referees may use
communication systems to communicate with other officials, particularly in
higher-level games.
• Coin: The referee may use a coin to conduct the coin toss to determine which
team starts the match.
• Spray: In some matches, referees use a spray to mark the spot for free kicks
and ensure the defensive wall maintains the proper distance.
• Whistle Lanyard: The whistle is typically attached to a lanyard that the
referee wears around their neck.
Referee’s equipment

These items help referees effectively manage the game, enforce the
rules, and communicate with players and other officials. The specific
requirements might vary slightly based on the level of play and the
governing organization's guidelines.
Common violations in a soccer match
• Offside: Occurs when an attacking player is closer to the opponent's goal line than
both the ball and the second-to-last defender when the ball is played to them.
• Fouls: Includes actions like tripping, pushing, or using excessive force against an
opponent. A direct free-kick or penalty kick is awarded to the fouled team.
• Handball: When a player intentionally handles the ball, except for the goalkeeper
within their penalty area. Accidental handball may also be considered a violation,
depending on the situation.
• Diving/Simulation: Pretending to be fouled to deceive the referee into awarding a
free-kick or penalty. It's considered unsporting behavior.
• Impeding an Opponent: Also known as obstruction or shielding, this occurs
when a player uses their body to block an opponent's movement, without
attempting to play the ball.
Common violations in soccer
• Dangerous Play: Also known as a high foot or a high kick, this is when a player's actions
are deemed dangerous to opponents, like attempting to play the ball while another player
is nearby.
• Unsporting Behavior: Includes actions like dissent (arguing with the referee), time-
wasting, or engaging in unsportsmanlike conduct.
• Violent Conduct: Deliberate use of excessive force against an opponent or any other
person. It includes actions like striking, punching, or kicking.
• Handling the Ball: When a player deliberately handles the ball, it's considered a violation
regardless of their intent.
• Leaving/Entering the Field Without Permission: Players must enter and leave the field
at the halfway line and with the referee's permission. Leaving the field without permission
may result in a caution (yellow card).

The severity of these violations can vary, and the referee's decision is final in determining if
a violation has occurred.
Strategies and it’s formation used in soccer
• Tiki-Taka: A style of play involving short, quick passes to maintain
possession and move the ball around the field. It requires excellent
ball control and understanding between players.
Strategies and it’s formation used in soccer

• Parking the Bus: A defensive strategy where a team defends with

most players behind the ball, making it difficult for the opponent to
break through. It's often used by weaker teams against stronger
opponents.
Thank you for listening.