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PHP Operators

This document describes various PHP operators. It discusses arithmetic, assignment, comparison, increment/decrement, string, conditional assignment, and logical operators. For each type of operator it provides examples of the syntax and usage. The key operators covered include: arithmetic (+ - * /), assignment (= += -= etc.), comparison (== != < > etc.), increment/decrement (++ --), concatenation (.), ternary (?:), null coalescing (??), and logical (&& || !) operators. Examples are provided to demonstrate how each operator works in PHP code.

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Kalash Shandilya
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148 views

PHP Operators

This document describes various PHP operators. It discusses arithmetic, assignment, comparison, increment/decrement, string, conditional assignment, and logical operators. For each type of operator it provides examples of the syntax and usage. The key operators covered include: arithmetic (+ - * /), assignment (= += -= etc.), comparison (== != < > etc.), increment/decrement (++ --), concatenation (.), ternary (?:), null coalescing (??), and logical (&& || !) operators. Examples are provided to demonstrate how each operator works in PHP code.

Uploaded by

Kalash Shandilya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PHP OPERATORS

Introduction
• Operators are symbols that tell the PHP processor to
perform certain actions.

- Arithmetic operators
- Assignment operators
- Comparison operators
- Increment/Decrement operators
- String operators
- Array operators
- Conditional assignment operators
- Logical operators
Arithmetic operators
• The PHP arithmetic operators are used with numeric
values to perform common arithmetical operations, such
as addition, subtraction, multiplication etc.
Operator Description Example Result
+ Addition $x + $y Sum of $x and $y

- Subtraction $x - $y Difference of $x and


$y.
* Multiplication $x * $y Product of $x and $y.

/ Division $x / $y Quotient of $x and


$y
% Modulus $x % $y Remainder of $x
divided by $y
** Exponentiation $x ** $y Result of raising $x
to the $y'th power
Arithmetic operators(contd.)
<?php
$x = 10;
$y = 4;
echo($x + $y); // 0utputs: 14
echo "<br>";
echo($x - $y); // 0utputs: 6
echo "<br>";
echo($x * $y); // 0utputs: 40
echo "<br>";
echo($x / $y); // 0utputs: 2.5
echo "<br>";
echo($x % $y); // 0utputs: 2
echo "<br>";
echo($x ** $y); // 0utputs: 10000
?>
Assignment operators
• The PHP assignment operators are used with numeric
values to write a value to a variable.

Operator Description Example Is The Same


As
= Assign $x = $y $x = $y
+= Add and assign $x += $y $x = $x + $y
-= Subtract and assign $x -= $y $x = $x - $y
*= Multiply and assign $x *= $y $x = $x * $y
/= Divide and assign $x /= $y $x = $x / $y
quotient
%= Divide and assign $x %= $y $x = $x % $y
modulus
Assignment operators(contd.)
<?php
$x = 10;
echo $x; // Outputs: 10
echo "<br>";
$x = 20;
$x += 30;
echo $x; // Outputs: 50
echo "<br>";
$x = 50;
$x -= 20;
echo $x; // Outputs: 30
echo "<br>";
$x = 5;
$x *= 25;
echo $x; // Outputs: 125
echo "<br>";
$x = 50;
$x /= 10;
echo $x; // Outputs: 5
echo "<br>";
$x = 100;
$x %= 15;
echo $x; // Outputs: 10
?>
Assignment operators(contd.)
OUTPUT:
10
50
30
125
5
10
Comparison operators
• The comparison operators are used to compare two
values in a Boolean fashion.
Comparison operators(contd.)
Operator Name Example Result

== Equal $x == $y True if $x is equal to $y

=== Identical $x === $y True if $x is equal to $y, and


they are of the same type

!= Not equal $x != $y True if $x is not equal to $y

<> Not equal $x <> $y True if $x is not equal to $y

!== Not identical $x !== $y True if $x is not equal to $y, or


they are not of the same type

< Less than $x < $y True if $x is less than $y

> Greater than $x > $y True if $x is greater than $y

>= Greater than or equal to $x >= $y True if $x is greater than or


equal to $y
<= Less than or equal to $x <= $y True if $x is less than or equal
to $y
Comparison operators(contd.)
<?php
$x = 25;
$y = 35;
$z = "25";
var_dump($x == $z); // Outputs: boolean true
var_dump($x === $z); // Outputs: boolean false
var_dump($x != $y); // Outputs: boolean true
var_dump($x !== $z); // Outputs: boolean true
var_dump($x < $y); // Outputs: boolean true
var_dump($x > $y); // Outputs: boolean false
var_dump($x <= $y); // Outputs: boolean true
var_dump($x >= $y); // Outputs: boolean false
?>
Incrementing and Decrementing Operators
• The increment/decrement operators are used to
increment/decrement a variable's value.
Operator Name Effect
++$x Pre-increment Increments $x by one,
then returns $x
$x++ Post-increment Returns $x, then
increments $x by one
--$x Pre-decrement Decrements $x by
one, then returns $x
$x-- Post-decrement Returns $x, then
decrements $x by one
Incrementing and Decrementing
Operators(contd.)
<html>
<?php
$x = 10;
echo ++$x; // Outputs: 11
echo $x; // Outputs: 11
echo "<br>";
$x = 10;
echo $x++; // Outputs: 10
echo $x; // Outputs: 11
echo "<br>";
$x = 10;
echo --$x; // Outputs: 9
echo $x; // Outputs: 9
echo "<br>";
$x = 10;
echo $x--; // Outputs: 10
echo $x; // Outputs: 9
?>
</html>
Incrementing and Decrementing
Operators(contd.)
OUTPUT:
1111
1011
99
109
String Operators
• The string operators are used to perform the operation on
strings.

Operator Description Example Result


. Concatenation $str1 . $str2 Concatenation of
$str1 and $str2
.= Concatenation $str1 .= $str2 Appends the $str2
assignment to the $str1
String Operators(contd.)
<?php
$x = "Hello";
$y = " World!";
echo $x . $y; // Outputs: Hello World!
echo "<br>";
$x .= $y;
echo $x; // Outputs: Hello World!
?>

OUTPUT:
Hello World!
Hello World!
PHP Conditional Assignment Operators
• The PHP conditional assignment operators are used to
set a value depending on conditions:
?: Ternary $x = expr1 ? expr2 : expr3 Returns the value of $x.
The value of $x is expr2 if expr1 = TRUE.
The value of $x is expr3 if expr1 = FALSE

?? Null coalescing $x = expr1 ?? expr2 Returns the value of $x.


The value of $x is expr1 if expr1 exists, and is not NULL.
If expr1 does not exist, or is NULL, the value of $x
is expr2.
Introduced in PHP 7
PHP Conditional Assignment
Operators(contd.) – Ternary operator
<?php
echo $status = (empty($user)) ? "anonymous" : $user;
echo "<br>";

$user = "Michael";
echo $status = (empty($user)) ? "anonymous" : $user;
?>
OUTPUT:
anonymous
Michael
PHP Conditional Assignment
Operators(contd.) – Null coalescing
<?php
echo $status = $user ?? 'anonymous';
echo "<br>";

$user = "Michael";
echo $status = $user ?? 'anonymous';
?>

OUTPUT:
anonymous
Michael
Logical Operators
• The logical operators are typically used to combine
conditional statements.
Operator Name Example Result
and And $x and $y True if both $x and $y are
true
or Or $x or $y True if either $x or $y is
true
xor Xor $x xor $y True if either $x or $y is
true, but not both
&& And $x && $y True if both $x and $y are
true
|| Or $x || $y True if either $x or $y is
true
! Not !$x True if $x is not true
Logical Operators(contd.)
<?php
$year = 2014;
// Leap years are divisible by 400 or by 4 but not 100
if(($year % 400 == 0) || (($year % 100 != 0) && ($year % 4 ==
0))){
echo "$year is a leap year.";
} else{
echo "$year is not a leap year.";
}
?>

OUTPUT:
2014 is not a leap year.

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