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The Industrial Revolution and Its Impact On European Society

The Industrial Revolution originated in Great Britain and was driven by technological innovations in textiles (like the spinning jenny and power loom), iron production, and steam power. This led to the rise of factories and rapid urbanization. While industrialization spread across Europe in the 1800s, traditional societies in other parts of the world were able to avoid it. The social impacts of the Industrial Revolution included population growth, poverty-stricken urban living conditions, and the rise of new social classes like industrial workers and entrepreneurs. Reform efforts attempted to address poor working conditions and living standards for many.

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80 views20 pages

The Industrial Revolution and Its Impact On European Society

The Industrial Revolution originated in Great Britain and was driven by technological innovations in textiles (like the spinning jenny and power loom), iron production, and steam power. This led to the rise of factories and rapid urbanization. While industrialization spread across Europe in the 1800s, traditional societies in other parts of the world were able to avoid it. The social impacts of the Industrial Revolution included population growth, poverty-stricken urban living conditions, and the rise of new social classes like industrial workers and entrepreneurs. Reform efforts attempted to address poor working conditions and living standards for many.

Uploaded by

sili samal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 20

The Industrial Revolution and Its


Impact on European Society
Timeline
The Industrial Revolution in Great Britain
Origins
Agricultural revolution
Capital for investment
Mineral resources
Government favorable to business
Markets
Technological Changes and New Forms of Industrial Organization
Cotton Industry Arkwright’s Water Frame
Water frame, Crompton’s mule Crompton’s Mule
Edmund Cartwright’s power looms, 1787

The Steam engine


Coal Watt’s Steam Engine
James Watt
(1736-1819) Cartwright’s Power Loom

The Iron Industry


Puddling, using coke to burn away impurities

A Revolution in Transportation: Railroad James Hargreaves’ Spinning

• Richard Trevithick’s locomotive Jenny


• George Stephenson’s Rocket

The Industrial Factory


Factory laborers
Time-work discipline

Stephenson’s Rocket
Trevithick’s Locomotive
A Boulton and Watt Steam Engine
Railroad Line from Liverpool to
Manchester
A British Textile Factory
The Great Exhibition: Britain in 1851
Crystal Palace
Covered 19 acres, 100,000 exhibits
Great Exhibition
Displayed Britain’s wealth
Britain: “workshop, banker, and trader of
the world”
Map 20.1: The
Industrial
Revolution in
Britain by
1850
The Pace of Industrialization on the
Continent
Obstacles to Rapid Industrialization
Lack of a transportation system
Upheavals of war
Traditional habits of business
Lack of technical education
Spurs to Industrialization
Borrowing of techniques and practices
Government support
Joint-stock investment banks
The Spread of Industrialization
Centers of Continental Industrialization
Cotton manufacturing
• Belgium
• France
• Germany
Impact of the steam engine
Iron and coal for heavy
industry in Germany
and France
The Industrial Revolution
in the United States
Borrowing from Britain
• Samuel Slater
Transportation network
Labor
Map 20.2: The Industrialization of
Europe by 1850
Limiting the Spread of Industrialization in the
Nonindustrialized World
Deliberate policy to prevent growth of mechanized
industry
Eastern Europe remained largely rural and
agricultural
India spinners and handloom weavers were put out
of work

British India c. 1858


The Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution
Population Growth
Decline of the death rate
The Great Hunger
Irish population growth
Reliance on the potato
Potato crop fails, 1845-1851
Emigration
The Growth of Cities
Rapid, unplanned, growth
Urban Living Conditions in the Early Industrial Revolution
Cities and suburbs
Sanitary conditions
Crowding
Adulteration of food
Urban Reformers
Edwin Chadwick (1800-1890)
• Use of drainage
• Piped water
An urban tenemant
A New Industrial Town
Industrial cities, in reality, looked a bit more like this….
New Social Classes: The Industrial Middle Class
The New Industrial Entrepreneurs
Challenges of industrialization
Diverse social origins
Members of dissenting religious minorities prominent
Participation of aristocrats in Britain
Significance
Rise of the new
business aristocracy
New Social Classes: Workers in the Industrial Age
Factory workers a minority of the working class
Artisans and Craftspeople: largest group of urban workers in the first
half of the century
Working Conditions
Cotton mills
Coal mines
Child labor
Pauper apprentices
Women
Factory Acts
• Factory Act of 1833
• Women and children
Standards of Living
Fluctuations of wages and prices
Consumption
Periodic overproduction and unemployment
Efforts at Change
Efforts at Change: The Workers
Robert Owen (1771-1858),
Utopian Socialism
Trade unionism
Luddites Robert Owen

The People’s Charter

Luddites attacking machinery

Efforts at Change: Reformers and Government


Factory acts, 1802-1819
Factory Act of 1833
Coal Mines Act, 1842
A Trade Union Membership Card

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