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MINERALS

This document provides an overview of minerals, including their definition, types, and physical properties. It defines a mineral as a naturally occurring inorganic solid with a definite chemical composition and ordered internal structure. The document then discusses the main types of minerals based on their chemical composition, including silicates, oxides, sulfides, sulfates, halides, carbonates, and native materials. It also outlines several physical properties used to identify minerals, such as color, streak, luster, hardness, density, cleavage, fracture, crystal formation, habit, magnetism, taste, feel, and reaction to acid.

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35 views30 pages

MINERALS

This document provides an overview of minerals, including their definition, types, and physical properties. It defines a mineral as a naturally occurring inorganic solid with a definite chemical composition and ordered internal structure. The document then discusses the main types of minerals based on their chemical composition, including silicates, oxides, sulfides, sulfates, halides, carbonates, and native materials. It also outlines several physical properties used to identify minerals, such as color, streak, luster, hardness, density, cleavage, fracture, crystal formation, habit, magnetism, taste, feel, and reaction to acid.

Uploaded by

Sabucor Joshua
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MINERALS

ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
1. What are minerals and how are they
different from one another?
2. What is a rock and how is it formed?
3. What are the different types of rocks
and how can they be identified?
4. What processes are involved in
extracting mineral resources? How
do these processes affect the
environment?
MINERAL

A naturally-occurring,
inorganic solid with a definite

3 chemical composition and an


ordered internal structure.

Mineralogy
Lab grown 24k Gold Bronze
diamond
Coal Pearl Potassium
Limestone Ice Berg Liquid Water
Graphite Earth-mined Granite
Diamond
Volcanic glass Amber Table Salt
Let’s start with the first set
of slides

Corals Vegetables Sand


TYPES OF MINERALS:
COMPOSITION

1. Silicates
2. Oxides

10 3. Sulfides
4. Sulfates
5. Halides
6. Carbonates
7. Native Materials
SILICATES OXIDES
 Major rock-forming minerals (92%)  Minerals
● Minerals
thatthat
contain
containoxygen
oxygenand
and one or
 Contain both silicon (Si) and oxygen moreorother
moreelements,
other elements,
which which are
are usually
usually metals
metals
(O). Can also contain other elements
their crystal structure.
 Silicon-oxygen tetrahedrons ()

(Mg²⁺, Fe²⁺)₂SiO₄ Fe₃ O₄ .Magnetit Hematite Fe2O3


SiO₄ Olivine Feldspar e
Quartz Al + SiO2
SULFIDES SULFATES
▫Minerals that contain sulfide and ●Minerals that contain sulfate and one
one or more other elements, which or more other elements, which are
are usually metals economically usually metals
important as metal ores ● tends to be evaporates or forms from
volcanically heated water

Pyrite FeS₂ Galena PbS


HALIDES CARBONATES
•Minerals that contain a halogen ion (F, • Minerals that contain the elements
Cl, Br, I, At) plus one or more other carbon, oxygen, and one or more other
elements. metallic elements soft and easily
dissolved by even mild acids
•Soft and easily dissolve in water
Halides NaCl Sylvite KCl

Calcite Malichite Rhodochrosite


CaCO3 Cu₂CO₃(OH)₂ MnCO₃.

NATIVE METALS - Minerals that exist in relatively pure form (single metal)
- Copper and Gold
PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES
OF MINERALS

1. Color 8. Crystal
2. Streak Formation
3. Luster 9. Habit
4. Hardness 10. Magnetism
5. Density 11. Taste
6. Cleavage 12. Feel
7. Fracture 13. Reaction to
Acid
COLOR

1. Most obvious property


2. Not reliable
3. Can be altered
4. Impurities

Similar mineral can have different


color
Different mineral can have similar
color
Streak
2 different Variations of Hematite 1. Color of mineral in powder form
2. Streak plate is used
3. More consistent than color
4. Hardness less than 7
LUSTER

How light is reflected from the


surface of a mineral
Metallic, non metallic, vitreous,
resinous, pearlescent, silky, Earthy,
and dull
HARDNESS
A measure of the resistance of a
mineral to being scratched.

Mohs Scale of Hardess - Friedrich


Mohs
SPECIFIC GRAVITY

Measure of Density
Ration of an object’s mass to its
volume (water)
The higher the specific gravity,
the denser the mineral.
Gold – 19; Ave- 2.7
CLEAVAGE
minerals breaks along a
smooth and definite surface.

Direction:
One Direction, Two
Directions, Three Directions,
All Directions
FRACTURE
occur if a mineral
breaks unevenly

23 Uneven, rough, jagged


CRYSTAL FORM

provides a clue to the


internal structure of the
mineral.

Basic system:
Isometric/Cubic, Tetragonal,
Hexagonal, Monoclinic,
Triclinic, Hexagonal

no crystalline structure =
amorphous jagged
HABIT
Outward
appearance of the
25 mineral’s crystal
form
EFFERVESCENCE

Calcite
TASTE

NaCl
MAGNETISM

MAGNETITE
FLUORESCENT
THANKS!
CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo, including
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