Oil And Natural Gas Corporation Ltd.

Testing of wells

By Sachiv Kumar, S.E(P), BSN Bhawan, ONGC, Dehradun

 Well Testing

Testing of oil or gas wells plays great role in the development

of the oil or gas reservoirs.

Types of well testing

Initial stage

Drill stem test, production tests

Repeat formation testing.

 Well Testing

Testing of oil or gas wells plays great role in the development of the oil or gas reservoirs.

Types of well testing

Production stage

Injection test, Fall of tests

Well interference test .

Slug test

Multi rate flow test

Production logging

Fluid flow under steady state and unsteady state

 Well Testing

Fluid flow under steady state

Bottom hole party is responsible to carry out fluid flow tests on the wells in

the field.

Gathering information

Preparation of manometers for bottom hole study

Measurement of static pressure

Measurement of flowing pressure

Interpretation of testing data

Christmas tree
Wells are equipped with a assembly of valves and fittings called a Christmas tree. The valves and fittings are
used to regulate, measure, and direct the flow of hydrocarbons from the well. Gauges measure pressure in the
casing and in the tubing. Valves control the flow of hydrocarbons from the well. The coke controls the rate of
production from the well.

Wellhead
The wellhead includes all equipment on the surface that supports the various pipe strings, seals off the well, and
controls the paths and flow rates of reservoir fluids. Sometimes, a simple assembly to support the weight of the
tubing in the well is enough. All wellheads have at least one casinghead and casing hanger, usually, a tubing
head and tubing hanger, and a Christmas tree).

Casinghead
Each string of casing usually hangs from a casinghead, a heavy steel fitting at the surface. Metal and rubber
seals in dhe casinghead prevent fluids from movmg within the wellhead or escaping to the atmosphere. Each
casin head also has a place for a pressure gauge to warn of leaks.

Tubing Head
Similar in design and use to the casinghead, the tubing head supports the tubing string, seals off pressure
between the casing and the inside of tubing and provides connections at the surface to control the flowing liquid
or gas. The tubing head often stacks above the uppermost casinghead. Like the casingheads, it has outlets to
allow access to the annulus for gauging pressure or connecting valves and fittings to control the flow of fluids.
 Capacity Of the well

Productivity Index
Primary measure of the capacity of the well

PI = Q/(Pres- Pwf)
=Flow rate/Draw down

Capacity of the well =Pi x Average reservoir Pressure

PI is one of the most important parameter to evaluate well rating,

Deliverability of well, production from reservoir or pool.
 Capacity Of the well

Specific Productivity Index

Iso-SPI maps are prepared and production rates

of wells are computed to obtain total production rate
from the Pool
SPI = PI/H
 Deliverability of Well

To produce oil from well at optimum rate. Tis would keep well healthy and

production is without any interruption. To achieve this objective following

points are important

Minimum Production of gas

Preferably no water production

No sand production

Least vibrations to well head equipment.

 Testing of Gas Well

Done in similar way as oil well. The pressure draww downs may be low and

well head pressure is much high.

Two situations may arise.

Flow rates are consistent.

– American Method

– Russian Method

Intermittent when the formation is very tight.

Onshore-Harsh realities
 TESTING OF WELL

To Consumer

FC / PNU.RECO
DIP MEASURMENT
PG TG

TEST SEPRATORES DESPATCH

WELL FLUID MANIFOLD (THREE STAGE TESTING) TEST TANK

( TWO PHASE SEPRATOR )

 STAGE WISE OIL & GAS MEASUREMENT

WATER DRAIN
 Well Testing

Oil or gas well production test may be classified as :

Periodic production test

Productivity or deliverability test

Transient pressure test

 Well Testing
Oil or gas well production test may be classified as :

Periodic production test

 Determination of the relative quantities of oil, gas and water produced under normal producing

conditions. They serve as an aid in well and reservoir operation and also in meeting legal and

regulatory requirements.

Productivity or deliverability test

 Usually performed on initial completion or recompilation to determine the capability of the well

under various degree of pressure drawdown. Results may set production allowable, aid in selections

of well completion methods, and design of artificial lift systems and production facilities.

Transient pressure test

Require a high degree of sophistication and are used to determine formation damage or stimulation

related to an indusial well pressure , volume and heterogeneities

 Well Testing

Transient Pressure Test

Ever conceivable method of creating and observing changing wellbore pressure

has been employed for reservoir. Some of the important transient pressure tests

as follows:

Pressure buildup

Pressure drawdown

Multiple rate

Injection buildup or fall-off

Multiple well interference

Drill Stem tests

 Well Testing

Transient Pressure Test

Each type presents certain advantages and limitation and certain factors which

are important for reasonable results. Details are provided concerning pressure

build up tests.

Pressure buildup - is probably the most familiar transient well testing

technique. Essentially the well is produced at constant rate long enough

to establish a stabilized pressure distribution, then is shut in.

Stabilization is important; otherwise erroneous data will be calculated.

If stabilization , other techniques, such as variable rate testing must be

used.
Well Testing
Thank you