Arrays

Fixed-Size Sequences of Elements

0 1 2 3 4
… … … … …

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Table of Contents

1. Arrays
2. Reading Arrays from the Console
3. Foreach Loop

2
 Arrays
Working with Arrays of Elements
What Are Arrays?
 In programming, an array is a sequence of elements
Element index
Array of 5
0 1 2 3 4
elements … … … … …
Element of an array

 Elements are numbered from 0 to Length-1

 Elements are of the same type (e.g. integers)
 Arrays have fixed size (Array.Length) and
cannot be resized
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Creating Arrays
 Use the new keyword
 It is used to create the array and initialize the array
elements to their default values
 Allocating an array of 10 integers: All elements are
int[] numbers = new int[10]; initially = 0

 An array that stores string elements can be declared

in the same way: All elements are
initially = null
string[] names = new string[10];

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Working with Arrays
 Assigning values to the array elements
 The Length holds the number of array elements
for (int i = 0; i < numbers.Length; i++)
numbers[i] = 1;

 Accessing array elements by index

 The [] operator accesses elements by index
numbers[5] = numbers[2] + numbers[7];
numbers[10] = 1; // IndexOutOfRangeException

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Days of Week – Example
 The days of week can be stored in array of strings:
string[] days = { Operator Notation in C#
"Monday", days[0] Monday
"Tuesday",
days[1] Tuesday
"Wednesday",
days[2] Wednesday
"Thursday",
"Friday", days[3] Thursday
"Saturday", days[4] Friday
"Sunday" days[5] Saturday
}; days[6] Sunday

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Problem: Day of Week
 Enter a day number [1…7] and print the day name (in English)
or "Invalid day!"

Check your solution here: https://judge.softuni.bg/Contests/2906 8

Solution: Day of Week

string[] days = { "Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday",

"Thursday", "Friday", "Saturday", "Sunday" };
int day = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());

The first day in our array

if (day >= 1 && day <= 7) stays at index 0, not 1.
Console.WriteLine(days[day - 1]);
else
Console.WriteLine("Invalid day!");

Check your solution here: https://judge.softuni.bg/Contests/2906 9

 Reading Array
Using a For Loop or String.Split()
Reading Arrays from the Console
 First, read from the console the array length:
int n = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());

 Next, create an array of given size n and read its elements:

int[] arr = new int[n];
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
arr[i] = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
}

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Reading Array Values from a Single Line
 Arrays can be read from a single line of separated values
2 8 30 25 40 72 -2 44 56
Split( ) splits
string values = Console.ReadLine(); by space
string[] items = values.Split(); into string[]
int[] arr = new int[items.Length];

for (int i = 0; i < items.Length; i++)

arr[i] = int.Parse(items[i]);
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Shorter: Reading Array from a Single Line
 Read an array of integers: using System.LINQ;

var inputLine = Console.ReadLine();

string[] items = inputLine.Split(', ');
int[] arr = items.Select(int.Parse).ToArray();

int[] arr = Console.ReadLine().Split(', ') Or even

.Select(int.Parse).ToArray(); shorter

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Printing Arrays On the Console
 To print all array elements, a for-loop can be used
 Separate elements with white space or a new line
string[] arr = {"one", "two"};
// == new string [2] {"one", "two"};
// Process all array elements
for (int index = 0; index < arr.Length; index++)
{
// Print each element on a separate line
Console.WriteLine("arr[{0}] = {1}", index, arr[index]);
}
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Problem: Print Numbers in Reverse Order
 Read an array of integers (n lines of integers), reverse it and
print its elements on a single line, space-separated:

3 4
10 -1
30 20 10 20 5 99 20 -1
20
30 99
5

Check your solution here: https://judge.softuni.bg/Contests/2906 15

Solution: Print Numbers in Reverse Order
// Read the array (n lines of integers)
var n = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
var arr = new int[n];
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
arr[i] = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine()); }
// Print the elements from the last to the first
for (int i = n-1; i >= 0; i--) {
Console.Write(arr[i] + " "); }
Console.WriteLine();

Check your solution here: https://judge.softuni.bg/Contests/2906 16

Problem: Rounding Numbers
 Read an array of real numbers (space separated), round them in
"away from 0" style and print the output as in the examples:
0.9 1.5 2.4 2.5 3.14 -5.01 -1.599 -2.5 -1.50 0

0.9 => 1 -5.01 => -5

1.5 => 2 -1.599 => -2
2.4 => 2 -2.5 => -3
2.5 => 3 -1.50 => -2
3.14 => 3 0 => 0

Check your solution here: https://judge.softuni.bg/Contests/2906 17

Solution: Rounding Numbers
 Rounding turns each value to the nearest integer
double[] nums = Console.ReadLine().Split()
.Select(double.Parse).ToArray();
int[] roundedNums = new int[nums.Length];
for (int i = 0; i < nums.Length; i++) {
2.5 => 3
roundedNums[i] = (int)Math
.Round(nums[i], MidpointRounding.AwayFromZero); }
// TODO: Print each number

Check your solution here: https://judge.softuni.bg/Contests/2906 18

Printing Arrays with for / String.Join(…)
 Use for-loop:
int[] arr = { 10, 20, 30, 40, 50};
for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++) {
Console.WriteLine(arr[i]); }

 Use string.Join(separator, array):

int[] arr = { 1, 2, 3 };
Console.WriteLine(string.Join(", ", arr)); // 1, 2, 3
string[] strings = { "one", "two" };
Console.WriteLine(string.Join(" - ", strings)); // one - two

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Problem: Reverse Array of Strings
 Read an array of strings (space separated values), reverse
it and print its elements:
a b c d e e d c b a -1 hi ho w w ho hi -1

 Reversing array elements:

exchange

a b c d e

Check your solution here: https://judge.softuni.bg/Contests/2906 20

Solution: Reverse Array of Strings

var items = Console.ReadLine().Split(' ').ToArray();

for (int i = 0; i < items.Length / 2; i++)
{
var oldElement = items[i];
items[i] = items[items.Length - 1 - i];
items[items.Length - 1 - i] = oldElement;
}

Console.WriteLine(string.Join(" ", items));

Check your solution here: https://judge.softuni.bg/Contests/2906 21

 Foreach Loop
Iterate through Collections
Foreach Loop
 Iterates through all elements in a collection
 Cannot access the current index
 Read-only
foreach (var item in collection)
{
// Process the value here
}

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Print an Array with Foreach

int[] numbers = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
foreach (int number in numbers)
{
Console.Write($"{number} ");
}

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Summary

 Arrays
… hold a sequence of elements
 …Elements are numbered from 0 to length-1

 Creating
… (allocating) an array: new[]
 Accessing array elements by index
 Printing array elements: string.Join()

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 Questions?
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